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Cyanobacteria Blooms in Upper Klamath Lake

Cyanobacteria Blooms in Upper Klamath Lake. Lauren Senkyr. ESR 575 Limnology November 23, 2009. Upper Klamath Lake. Oregon’s largest lake. Oregon’s largest lake: Volume ~ 536 x 10 36 Surface area ~275 km 2 Shallow, hypereutrophic Avg. depth 2.2 m Mean depth 2 m Max. depth 15.2 m.

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Cyanobacteria Blooms in Upper Klamath Lake

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  1. Cyanobacteria Blooms in Upper Klamath Lake Lauren Senkyr ESR 575 Limnology November 23, 2009

  2. Upper Klamath Lake Oregon’s largest lake • Oregon’s largest lake: • Volume ~ 536 x 1036 • Surface area ~275 km2 • Shallow, hypereutrophic • Avg. depth 2.2 m • Mean depth 2 m • Max. depth 15.2 m

  3. Management issues Water diversions ESA listed suckers Agriculture- nutrient inputs + water use Dams along Klamath River

  4. Cycle of Water Quality Degradation in Upper Klamath Lake ↑Algal Blooms ↑Phosphorus ↑pH ↑Nutrient Loading ↑ Unionized Ammonia Fish Die-offs ↓ Dissolved Oxygen ↓ Algal Blooms

  5. Cyanobacteria • “Blue green algae” • Aphanizomenon flos-aquae dominant June-October • 1st appearance 1933 • Collapse causes anoxic conditions that lead to fish kills • Commercially harvested • 1 toxic species in UKL (Microcystis aeruginosa)

  6. Basic Biology of AFA • Does not grow in pH < 7.1, water temperature < 11 degrees C • Yamamoto and Nakahara, Limnology (2005)

  7. Current Conditions in Upper Klamath Lake Favor AFA • High pH • High water temperatures Eilers et. al. 2004

  8. Internal P Loading • Internal load ~2/3 Total P in Upper Klamath Lake • Decrease in total P in top 2 cm of sediment before/ after bloom (Simon et. al. 2009)

  9. The Role of Wind • Very strong relationship between climate and water quality in Upper Klamath Lake • ↑ wind speeds = ↓ water column stability • Wind induced mixing of sediments= increased nutrient availability • (Kann and Welch 2005)

  10. Impacts of altered hydrology • Sedimentation • Nutrient retention • Greater internal loading • Wind control accentuated by lower water levels Eilers. Et. al. 2004

  11. Implications for wetland restoration and dam removal? http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/states/oregon/about/art25169.html#

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