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Chapter 35: Administering First Aid, Lessons 1-4

It's An Emergency. Group 6: Jessica Blank, Hali Levine, Kelee Patterson, Miranda Rees, Jenna Utecht, Lauren Walker, Alex Zagvazdin Grade level: High School Seniors Age: 17-18. Chapter 35: Administering First Aid, Lessons 1-4. Three Vital Steps of First Aid. First Aid

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Chapter 35: Administering First Aid, Lessons 1-4

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  1. It's An Emergency Group 6: Jessica Blank, Hali Levine, Kelee Patterson, Miranda Rees, Jenna Utecht, Lauren Walker, Alex Zagvazdin Grade level: High School Seniors Age: 17-18 Chapter 35: Administering First Aid, Lessons 1-4

  2. Three Vital Steps of First Aid • First Aid • The immediate, temporary, care given to a person who has become sick or injured 1. Administer medical assistance 2. React immediately 3. Stay calm http://buybuildingsupplies.com.au/images/first-aid-kit19055.jpg Here comes your footer  Page 2

  3. Importance of First Aid Here comes your footer  Page 3

  4. Priorities in an Emergency • Check immediate surroundings for possible dangers • Check to see if the victim is conscious • Check breathing • Control severe bleeding • Check the victim for poisoning • Send for medical help http://blog.pennlive.com/pennsyltucky/2007/09/emergency-vehicle.jpg Here comes your footer  Page 4 http://med.fau.edu/biomedical/images/emergency2.jpg

  5. Open Wound Emergencies Abrasion (aka scrape)‏ Damage to outer layer of skin Little to no bleeding Laceration (cut)‏ Caused by sharp objects or a big hit from a blunt object Laceration Abrasion Here comes your footer  Page 5 http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2015/1975751152_a15ca109e7.jpg http://gallery.hd.org/_c/medicine/_more2006

  6. Open Wound Emergencies Puncture Potential for internal bleeding Caused by sharp object that pierces skin Avulsion Tissue separates from body. ex. Car accidents Avulsion Puncture Here comes your footer  Page 6 http://www.legacyhealth.org/images/Housecalls/bb_arm.jpg http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bp2.blogger.com

  7. First Aid for Open Wounds • Stop bleeding • Protect the wound • Treat for shock • Symptoms of shock: Confusion, accelerated or slowed pulse rate, shaking, pale/clammy skin, enlarged pupils, weakness in arms. • Get help Here comes your footer  Page 7

  8. Severe Burns and First Aid • First-degree (sunburn)‏ • Apply aloe/lotion • Second-degree • Place covering over burn to prevent infection (saran wrap) • Third-degree (most severe)‏ • Apply clean, dry dressing • Treat for shock First-Degree Second-Degree Here comes your footer  Page 8 Third-Degree

  9. First Aid for Ingesting Poisons • Poison • Symptoms • Sharp abdominal cramps • Vomiting • Chemical odor on breath • Chemical burns on lips • Retain open container • Contact nearest Poison Control Center www.childsafetyaustralia.com.au pets.thisweeknews.com www.stoke.gov.uk

  10. First Aid for Snakebites • Get the victim to the hospital • Keep the bitten area at or below the heart • Call EMS, 911 • Delay absorption of venom • Avoid putting anything cold • Maintain breathing and preventaggravation Here comes your footer  Page 10 http://thebeautybrains.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/12/120106-snake-bite.jpg

  11. First Aid for Poisonous Plants • Know what they look like • Remove contaminated clothing • Wash area with soap and water • Calamine lotion to relieve itching • If severe, seek medical attention Poison Oak Poison Ivy Poison Sumac http://www.ppws.vt.edu/scott/weed_id/poisonivy8-11b.jpg http://www.howtoavoidthebummerlife.com/weblog/archives/poison_oak.jpg http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/tove4969.jpg Here comes your footer  Page 11

  12. Know What It Looks Like Poison Ivy Poison Oak http://www.medscape.com/content/2004/00/47/51/475190/art-pn475190.fig2.jpg Poison Sumac http://8r13n.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/072707-0748-bewareofpoi23.png Here comes your footer  Page 12 http://www.visualdxhealth.com/images/dx/webChild/poisonIvy-Oak-SumacDermatitis_23671_med.jpg

  13. Poisonous Chemicals and First Aid • Make sure safety caps on all bottles/containers • Store in place out of reach from small children • Direct poison contact on skin causes burning sensation and red irritation • Remove any clothing that has come in contact with the chemical • Remove as much chemicals from infected skin • Contact the nearest poison control center Here comes your footer  Page 13

  14. First Aid for Choking http://blogs.mysanantonio.com/weblogs/atlarge/choking.JPG • Administer abdominal thrusts If victim is unable to breathe, cough, or speak • Choking • When a piece of food or an object becomes lodged in the trachea http://www2.co.multnomah.or.us/FoodHandlerCard/images/categories/Choking.gif Here comes your footer  Page 14

  15. Abdominal Thrusts Heimlich Maneuver Chair Technique http://img.quamut.com/chart/221/FA20heimlich.jpg http://www.warehousefoodsmd.com/images/Products/Chair_Move.jpg Here comes your footer  Page 15

  16. Choking in Infants • Step 2: • Give four quick blows to back (between shoulder blades) with heel of opposite hand • Step 1: • Place infant on downward angle over arm http://ofaat.com.au/Images/infant_choking.jpg http://www.wavelandfiredepartment.com/TrainEquip/clip_image007.jpg Here comes your footer  Page 16

  17. Choking in Infants • Step 3: • Carefully turn infant over • Press two fingers into middle of baby's sternum for a chest thrust • Repeat four times http://img.quamut.com/chart/221/FA22chestthrusts.jpg • Step 4: • Repeat steps 1-3 until object is dislodged Here comes your footer  Page 17

  18. Respiratory Failure • Occurs when choking blockage is severe and air is unable to reach lungs • May result from drowning, gas poisoning, overdose of narcotics, or electrocution • Signs of respiratory failure: • Absence of breathing movements • Dilated pupils • Bluish color to lips, tongue, and/or fingernails http://www.brighamandwomens.org/PressReleases/PressRelease.aspx Here comes your footer  Page 18

  19. Rescue Breathing for Adults • Check for consciousness • Tilt head backward to open the airway • Look, listen, and feel for breath • If no breath, pinch nostrils and give two full breaths to victim, 1 to 1½ seconds each • Look, listen, and feel for breath and heartbeat • If there is a pulse, but no breathing, give rescue breaths at a rate of one every five seconds Here comes your footer  Page 19 http://img.quamut.com/chart/221/FA16mouthseal.jpg

  20. Infant/Children Rescue Breathing • Similar to adult rescue breathing • Exceptions: • Do not tilt head as far back • For infants, cover mouth and nose with your mouth • Infants: one breath every three seconds • Children: one breath every four seconds Here comes your footer  Page 20 http://www.childrenfirst.nhs.uk/families/images/firstaid/baby-rescue-breath.gif http://www.childrenfirst.nhs.uk/families/images/firstaid/child-rescue-breath.gif

  21. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation http://www.cpro.org.uk/images/siteImages/CPR_-_Chest_Compressions.jpg • A means of forcing the heart to beat • Three basic steps: • Remember ABC’s of CPR: • 1. Airway • 2. Breathing • 3. Circulation http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/1097.jpg Here comes your footer  Page 21

  22. CPR for Adults Here comes your footer  Page 22

  23. CPR for Infants Here comes your footer  Page 23

  24. Common Emergencies http://www.itim.nsw.gov.au/images/Compound_fracture_dislocation_left_ankle.jpg • Fractures • Keep bone end from moving • Secure a splint from handmade materials • Sprains • Use R.I.C.E. procedure: • Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation http://www.healthline.com/blogs/exercise_fitness/uploaded_images/AnkleSprain2-722560.jpg

  25. Common Emergencies • Fainting • Elevate legs • Loosen tight clothing • Open airway • Sponge face with water • Animal Bites • Wash with soap and warm water • Wrap with clean dressing http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/951/65027721.JPG http://www.pilawsuit.com/Images/Dog%20Bite.jpg Here comes your footer  Page 25

  26. Common Emergencies • Bee Stings • Use sharp-edged object to remove stinger • Wash with soap and water • Watch for allergic reactions • Object in Eye • Flush with water working outward from edge nearest nose http://www.healthline.com/blogs/outdoor_health/uploaded_images/bee-stinger-724392.jpg Here comes your footer  Page 26 http://www.highlandwoodworking-blog.com/weblog/images/eye1.jpg

  27. Common Emergencies • Minor Burns • Soak in cool water or with wet towels • Cover with sterile dressings • Nosebleeds • Have person lean forward • Apply pressure and cold towel to nostril • Place cotton/gauze between upper lip and teeth http://www.cprpgh.fanspace.com/images/tof00002.jpg http://static.flickr.com/75/200027201_7a1ec27f9a.jpg Here comes your footer  Page 27

  28. Weather-Related Emergencies • Frost Bite • Occurs in extremely cold conditions when ice kills tissue and causes skin to lose color and feeling • Rewarm frozen body part(s) in lukewarm water • Bandaged injured areas with gauze in between fingers and toes • Seek medical attention immediately http://www.charonboat.com/2007/12/charonboat_dot_com_frostbite_3.jpg Here comes your footer  Page 28

  29. Weather-Related Emergencies • Heat Cramps • Move victim out of heat • Apply pressure to/massage cramped muscles • Give victim water or sports drink • Heat Stroke • Move victim out of heat to shaded area • Immerse victim in cold water or place ice packs around neck, in the groin, and under the arms http://www.schattenland.info/Sun.jpg Here comes your footer  Page 29

  30. Thank you!

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