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FIGURES OF SPEECH

Seema Afridi. FIGURES OF SPEECH. WHAT IS A FIGURE OF SPEECH? . A mode of expression in which words are used out of their literal meaning or out of their ordinary use in order to: 1) add beauty 2) emotional intensity

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FIGURES OF SPEECH

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  1. SeemaAfridi FIGURES OF SPEECH

  2. WHAT IS A FIGURE OF SPEECH?  A mode of expression in which words are used out of their literal meaning or out of their ordinary use in order to: 1) add beauty 2) emotional intensity 3) transfer the poet's sense impressions by comparing or identifying one thing with another that has a meaning familiar to the reader.

  3. Alliteration Alliteration refers to the repetition of any particular sound among words placed close together, in a sentence. These are mainly consonant sounds, but can be vowel sounds too. It is often used as a figure of speech in poetry. • Don't delay dawn’s disarming display. Dusk demands daylight. - Paul McCan

  4. Anaphora: Anaphora refers to a repetition of one particular word purposely, at the start of consecutive sentences or paragraphs. This is again in order to emphasize a point. • I'm not afraid to die. I'm not afraid to live. I'm not afraid to fail. I'm not afraid to succeed. I'm not afraid to fall in love. I'm not afraid to be alone. I'm just afraid I might have to stop talking about myself for five minutes. – Kinky Friedman, When the Cat's Away • Water, water, every where, And all the boards did shrink ; Water, water, every where Nor any drop to drink. - Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Rime of the Ancient Mariner

  5. Euphemism: A euphemism is the use of neutral language to remark something that may be offensive to the receiver. Euphemism is often used by people who are diplomatic, and who wish to be politically correct. • We have to let you go. Read: You're fired. • Asma is well fed. Read: Asma is fat.

  6. Hyperbole: A hyperbole is a figure of speech used for the purpose of exaggeration. It mainly forms the basis of several jokes, is used as a way of insults, or could simply be used to dramatize a situation, where in reality, the situation may not be that bad. • I'm so busy trying to accomplish ten million things at once. - I'm trying to accomplish several things at one time. • Your dog is so ugly, we had to pay the fleas to live on him. - Here the hyperbole has been used as an insult.

  7. Irony: Irony refers to the use of certain words that actually intend to convey the opposite. Irony forms the basis of sarcasm, and of humor. It is also a way of expressing the ugly truth in a slightly gentle manner. • Bill Gates winning a computer. - Situational Irony (He is the owner of the world's largest software company.) • Having a fight with your best friend just before your birthday, and commenting -"Great, this is just what I needed". - Verbal Irony (It is probably the worst thing that could happen before your birthday.) • In Romeo and Juliet, when Juliet is drugged, Romeo assumes her to be dead, and kills himself. Upon waking up Juliet finds him dead, and kills herself. - Dramatic Irony (mainly based on miscommunication and misunderstanding)

  8. Litotes: This figure of speech refers to the use of understatement, to affirm a particular situation or event with the use of a negative opposite • He was not unfamiliar with the work of Shakespeare. - He was familiar with the work of Shakespeare. • Einstein is not a bad mathematician. - Einstein is a great mathematician.

  9. Metaphor: Used for the purpose of comparison, a metaphor is a figure of speech that implies the meaning of an object with its reference to another completely unrelated object. • The sofa is fertile soil for a couch potato. • But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill. - William Sharp, The Lonely Hunter      • The Leaves of Life keep falling one by one.    - Edward Fitzgerald, The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám • I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!                  --- Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ode to the West Wind               

  10. Metonymy: Metonymy refers to the use of a phrase regarding associated concept, in order to describe the actual concept. • The 'editorial page' has always believed... - This refers to the belief of the editors who write the editorial page. • He writes a fine hand - It means he has good handwriting.

  11. Oxymoron: An oxymoron uses a contradictory adjective to define an object, situation or event. • Loner’s Club • I'd give my right arm to be ambidextrous!

  12. Onomatopoeia: Such words imitate the sounds made by certain objects or actions. • The clatter of utensils. • The flutter of birds. • The buzzing of bees

  13. Personification: This refers to the art of bringing to life an inanimate object, trait, or action, by associating it with a human quality. • The picture in that magazine screamed for attention. • The carved pumpkin smiled at me.

  14. Pun: Puns refer to the deliberate substitution of similar sounding words, to create a humorous effect. I bet the butcher the other day that he couldn’t reach the meat that was on the top shelf. He refused to take the bet, saying that the steaks were too high.

  15. Rhetorical Question: Rhetoric refers to the art of persuasion through effective speech. Questions that have an obvious answer are known as rhetorical questions. Such questions are not expected to be answered, as the answer is already known. • If practice makes perfect, and no one's perfect, then why practice? - Billy Corgan

  16. Symbol: An image transferred by something that stands for or represents something else, like flag for country, or autumn for maturity. Symbols can transfer the ideas embodied in the image without stating them. Fire and Ice Some say the world will end in fire,Some say in ice.From what I've tasted of desireI hold with those who favor fire.But if it had to perish twice,I think I know enough of hateTo say that for destruction iceIs also greatAnd would suffice Robert Frost .

  17. Simile: A simile is similar to a metaphor. However, here, a reference between two concepts is made by using the terms 'like' or 'as'. Burns', "O, my luve's like A Red, Red Rose“ Shelley's "As still as a brooding dove," in The Cloud. I felt as worn out as an old joke that was never very funny in the first place.

  18. Zeugma: This figure of speech refers to the use of only one word to describe two actions or events. The word however, logically applies only to one of the actions. She opened the door and her heart to the orphan.

  19. BIBLIOGRAPHY • http://www.nipissingu.ca/faculty/williams/figofspe.htm • http://grammar.about.com/od/rhetoricstyle/a/20figures.htm • http://www.therthdimension.org/FictionWriting/Figures_of_Speech/figures_of_speech.html • http://www.angelfire.com/ct2/evenski/poetry/figuresofspeech.html • http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/figures.htm • http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/figure-of-speech.html • http://www.thefreedictionary.com/figure+of+speech • http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/figure+of+speech • http://youtu.be/icBFAZ4D8B4

  20. THANK YOU!! THANK YOU

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