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More CSS. Lecture Overview. CSS3 Crash Course What makes a good selector? CSS Reference. CSS3 Crash Course!!!. CSS3 Outline. Borders Background images RGBA @Font-face Transform Transition. CSS3 Outline. Borders Border-radius Box shadow Border-image Background images Color

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More CSS

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  1. More CSS

  2. Lecture Overview • CSS3 Crash Course • What makes a good selector? • CSS Reference

  3. CSS3 Crash Course!!! CSE 3345

  4. CSS3 Outline • Borders • Background images • RGBA • @Font-face • Transform • Transition

  5. CSS3 Outline • Borders • Border-radius • Box shadow • Border-image • Background images • Color • @Font-face • Transform • Transition

  6. Border-radius • Helpful for rounded corners, ellipses, circles, etc. • No longer have to cheat and use images. CSE 3345

  7. Border-radius border-radius: 1em 5em; • First value specifies horizontal radius • Second value specifies vertical radius • If a second value is omitted the first is applied to both CSE 3345

  8. Box-shadow • Attaches one or more drop-shadows to the box • Shadow will match border-radius CSE 3345

  9. Box-shadow box-shadow: rgba(0,0,0,0.4) 10px 10px0 10px /* spread */ • First length is horizontal offset of shadow • Second length is vertical offset of shadow • Third length is blur radius of shadow • Fourth length is spread distance CSE 3345

  10. Border-image • Developers can use images for borders instead of border styles. • No more settling for borders that are just solid, dash, groove, etc. CSE 3345

  11. CSS3 Outline • Borders • Background images • Background-size • Background-origin • Multiple background images • Color • @Font-face • Transform • Transition

  12. Background-size • Specifies the size of background images. background-size: dimension | contain | cover CSE 3345

  13. Background-size • Contain – scale the image, while preserving aspect ratio, to make the image contained by the background area. • Cover – scale the image, while preserving aspect ratio, to make the image cover the background area. • See demo for clarification CSE 3345

  14. Background-origin • Specifies the position of the origin of an image specified using the background-image CSS property. Background-origin: padding-box, border-box, content-box CSE 3345

  15. Multiple Background Images • Allows developers to specify multiple background images for box elements CSE 3345

  16. Multiple Background Images • Each images generates a separate ‘background layer’. The first value in the list represents the top layer (closest to the user), with subsequent layers rendered behind successively. background-image: url(sheep.png), url(grassandsky.png); CSE 3345

  17. CSS3 Outline • Borders • Background images • Color • Color keywords • RGBA • HSLA • @Font-face • Transform • Transition

  18. Color Keywords • Case-insensitive identifiers which represent a specific color, e.g. red, blue, green, lightblue. • Over a 100 named colors, see here. • These colors have no transparency. CSE 3345

  19. RGB • Represents 3 channels • Red, green, and blue • Hexadecimal notation • 6 character format: #FF00FF • 3character format: #F0F • Both formats represent the same color CSE 3345

  20. RGB • Functional notation • rgb (R, G, B); • Integer format: • Valid values are 0-255 • rgb (255, 0, 255) • Percentage format: • Valid values are 0%-100% • rgb (100%, 0%, 100%) CSE 3345

  21. RGBA • Extends the RGB model to include “alpha” to specify opacity • Alpha value is float number from 0.0 – 1.0 • Alpha = 0 • Transparent • Alpha = .5 • Semi transparent • Alpha = 1 • opaque CSE 3345

  22. RGBA • rgba(255,0,0,0.1) • rgba(255,0,0,0.4) • rgba(255,0,0,0.7) • rgba(255,0,0, 1) /* 10% opaque red */ /* 40% opaque red */ /* 70% opaque red */ /* 100% opaque red */ CSE 3345

  23. CSS Moment of Clarity • Setting the cssopacityproperty on an element applies to its children element as well. • When you want an element’s bg to have transparency in it, but not its children, use rgba. CSE 3345

  24. HSLA • Hue, saturation, lightness, alpha • Hue – represents an angle of color (0-360). Red = 0 = 360 Green = 120 = 480 Blue = 240 = 600 CSE 3345

  25. HSLA • Saturation – refers to the dominance of hue in a color • Possible values are 0-100% • 100% is full saturation • 0% is a shade of grey CSE 3345

  26. HSLA • Lightness – how light or dark a color is • Possible values are 0-100% • 100% is white • 0% is black • 50% is normal • Alpha – same as rgba CSE 3345

  27. Benefits of HSLA • Far more intuitive. You can guess at the colors you want then tweak. • Easier to create sets of colors by finding a hue and then varying lightness and saturation • Produces better randomized values than rgb. CSE 3345

  28. CSS3 Outline • Borders • Background images • Color • @Font-face • Transform • Transition

  29. @font-face • Allows developers to specify online fonts to display text. • This eliminates the need to rely on fonts installed on the user’s computer. CSE 3345

  30. @font-face @font-face { font-family: <a-remote-font-name>; src: <source> [,<source>]*;   [font-weight: <weight>];   [font-style: <style>]; } • Check out Google Web Fonts for a collection of over 500 fonts. • Use fonts that you upload to a server CSE 3345

  31. CSS3 Outline • Borders • Background images • Color • @Font-face • Transform • Translate • Rotate • Scale • skew • Transition

  32. Transform • Lets you translate, rotate, scale, and skew elements. • Based on matrix math CSE 3345

  33. Translate • Specifies a 2D translation transform: translate( tx[, ty]) /*one or two <length> values. transform: translateX(tx) /*translates along x axis*/ transform: translateY(ty)/*translates along y axis*/ CSE 3345

  34. Rotate • Rotates the element clockwise around its origin by the specified angle. transform: rotate(angle); /* rotate(30deg) */ CSE 3345

  35. Scale • A 2D scaling operation described by [sx, sy]. • If sy isn’t specified, it is assumed to be equal to sx. transform: scale(sx[, sy]) /*1 or 2 unitless numbers*/ transform: scaleX(sx) /* scaleX(2.7) */ transform: scaleY(sy) /* scaleY(.5) */ CSE 3345

  36. Scale • sx = 1 and sy = 1 results in no scaling. • sx = 0.5 and sy= 0.5 results in the element being scaled to half its size. • sx = 2.0 and sy = 2.0 results in the element being scaled to twice its size. transform: scale(sx[, sy]) /*1 or 2 unitless numbers*/ transform: scaleX(sx) /* scaleX(2.7) */ transform: scaleY(sy) /* scaleY(.5) */ CSE 3345

  37. Skew • Skews the element around the X and Y axes by the specified angles • Don’t use skew(). It has been removed from the standard. transform: skewX(angle); /* skewX(-30deg) */ transform: skewY(angle); /* skewY(30deg) */ *you need the deg following the angle* CSE 3345

  38. CSS3 Outline • Borders • Background images • Color • @Font-face • Transform • Transition • Transition-property • Transition-duration • Transition-timing-function • Transition-delay

  39. Transition • Allows developers to define transitions between two states of an element. CSE 3345

  40. Transition-property • Specifies the name or names of the CSS properties to which transitions should be applied. • Only properties listed in the property are animated during transitions; changes to all other properties occur instantaneously as usual. CSE 3345

  41. Transition-duration • Specifies the duration over which transitions should occur. • You can specify a single duration that applies to all properties during the transition, or multiple values to allow each property to transition over a different period of time. CSE 3345

  42. Transition-timing-function • Specifies a bezier curve for determining how intermediate values are computed. Pre-defined timing values • ease, equivalent to cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1.0) • linear, equivalent to cubic-bezier(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0) • ease-in, equivalent to cubic-bezier(0.42, 0, 1.0, 1.0) • ease-out, equivalent to cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.58, 1.0) • ease-in-out, equivalent to cubic-bezier(0.42, 0, 0.58, 1.0) CSE 3345

  43.   CSS transition function manipulator • http://cssglue.com/cubic CSE 3345

  44. Transition-delay • Defines how long to wait between the time a property is changed and the transition actually begins CSE 3345

  45. Animatable Properties • See here for an exhaustive list CSE 3345

  46. Animations • Very similar to transitions • Both animate a property over time • Both have duration • Both have an optional delay • Both have a timing function • However, animations are different b/c • They allow multi step animations aka keyframes • Can repeat any number of times • Go forwards and backwards CSE 3345

  47. Let the web move you • Read more about transition and animations here CSE 3345

  48. Vendor Prefixes • Many CSS3 properties are not supported by their actual property name. • Instead, browsers provide a vendor specific prefix to the property name for usage. CSE 3345

  49. Vendor Prefixes • Internet Explorer: -ms-propertyName • Firefox: -moz-propertyName • Opera: -o-propertyName • Safari /Chrome: -webkit-propertyName CSE 3345

  50. Vendor Prefix Example -ms-transform : rotate (7deg); -moz-transform : rotate (7deg); -o-transform : rotate (7deg); -webkit-transform : rotate (7deg); CSE 3345

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