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MM4 Addressing Scheme for CDMA Community -Discussion

MM4 Addressing Scheme for CDMA Community -Discussion. Richard Xu Chief Architect Aicent, Inc richard.xu@aicent.com. Background. Identifying the MM4 interface at terminating MMSC How to identify the terminating MMSC’s MM4 interface given an E164 destination number?

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MM4 Addressing Scheme for CDMA Community -Discussion

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  1. MM4 Addressing Scheme for CDMA Community-Discussion Richard Xu Chief Architect Aicent, Inc richard.xu@aicent.com

  2. Background • Identifying the MM4 interface at terminating MMSC • How to identify the terminating MMSC’s MM4 interface given an E164 destination number? • Static Mapping: +E164  MM4 domain  IP Address of MMSC • Not scalable on global scale • Not applicable in MNP mandatory countries • Unified MM4 naming scheme is needed • Unique MM4 name for each mobile operator’s MM4 • Unified domain name scheme for MM4 interface • Given an E.164 what domain name should it map to? • mms.operator.com • mms.operator.net, etc. • What name scheme could allow MMSC to automatically compose the terminating MM4 domain name that leads to resolving the IP address of the terminating MM4 Interface? • GSMA PRD IR.52 recommends mms.mncXXX.mccXXX.gprs for all GSM Operators, an unique and unified name scheme for GSM community • Feasible address resolutions are available given an E.164 address • IMSI • Private EUNM

  3. Background: GRX DNS Hierarchy “ .“ Private to GPRS Operators gprs grx mcc111 Managed by GSMA/GRX mnc222 Managed by GPRS Operator internet mms internet.mnc222.mcc111.gprs. <IP of the operator GGSN> mms.mnc222.mcc111.gprs. <IP of MM4 Interface of MMSC>

  4. Background IMSI Addressing Resolution in GPRS SS7 Network PLMN A STP DNS DNS MMSC (A) MMSC (B) PLMN B GRX Root DNS/ENUM Addressing Resolution: IMSI 3 GRX 2 1 4 5 7 6 SRI_for_SM(MSISDN) HLR SRI_for_SM_Ack(IMSI) • 0. MMSC composes the query string based on the IMSI (mms.mnc222.mcc111.gprs) • MMSC queries local DNS (mms.mnc222.mcc111.gprs.) • Local DNS queries GRX root DNS for (mnc222.mcc111.gprs.) • GRX root DNS returns NS record for mncxxx.mccxxx.gprs. • Local DNS queries remote DNS for MX record (mms.mnc222.mcc111.gprs.) • Remote DNS returns FQDN for MX of mms.mnc222.mcc111.gprs. • Local DNS queries remote DNS again for FQDN of MMSC host (server1.mms.mnc222.mcc111.gprs.) • Local DNS returns IP address of remote MMSC host

  5. Background: Private ENUM in GPRS Addressing Resolution: Private ENUM - Extending existing GRX DNS Hierarchy to support ENUM GRX Root DNS Root Local GPRS DNS .gprs .mccxxx mncxxx.mccxxx.gprs GPRS .mncxxx .e164 APN1 2.5.8 (HKG) 4.4. (UK) 0.2.0.9.e164.gprs APN n 1. (NANP) ENUM 0.2.0.9. 4.3.2.1 2.3.8.8.0.4. 8.7.8.6.7.7. 5.3.2.1

  6. PLMN A DNS ENUM MMSC (A) MMSC (B) DNS ENUM PLMN B GRX Root DNS/ENUM Background ENUM Addressing Resolution in GPRS Addressing Resolution: Private ENUM • Pure IP based solution, a proven scalable DNS architecture 3 GRX 2 1 4 5 7 6 • MMSC queries local ENUM (x.x.x.8.0.4.1.e164.gprs.) • Local ENUM queries GRX root ENUM for 8.0.4.1.e164.gprs • GRX root ENUM returns NS record for 8.0.4.1.e164.gprs. • Local DNS queries remote ENUM for NAPTR record of 8.0.4.1.e164.gprs. • Remote ENUM returns NAPTR Records (mms:+1408xxx/TYPE=PLMN@mms.mncxxx.mccxxx.gprs) • Local ENUM queries remote ENUM again for MX of MMSC domain (mms.mncxxx.mccxxx.gprs) • Local ENUM resolved IP of remote MMSC host

  7. Background • Key Aspects of DNS and Naming Scheme of MM4 within GPRS Community • MM4 Interface is only opened to other GPRS Operators • TLD=gprs can only be resolved within GPRS/GRX DNS Hierarchy • TLD=gprs is private to GPRS community. • Public DNS has no knowledge of GPRS domain • MM4 name is unique to each mobile operator • Uniqueness of (MNC, MCC) • Scalable addressing resolution leverage DNS • Automatic generating query string based on given +E164 number • +1234567  IMSI mms.mncXXX.mccXXX.gprs • DNS query to identify IP address of MM4 interface

  8. MM4 Naming Scheme for CDMA • Considerations: • Uniqueness for each CDMA Operators • Closeness within CDMA operators • Resulting in scalable addressing resolutions • Interoperable with existing GPRS community

  9. MM4 Naming Scheme for CDMA • Uniqueness: • (MNC, MCC) pair is unique to all mobile Operators • Sub-domain, mms.mncXXX.mccXXX, is unique • However, • What is the mechanism that could associate an +E164 number with IMSI within CDMA community? • Do all CDMA operator support IMSI? • Assuming IMSI is supported in CDMA Mobile Network • What TLD should be created instead of .gprs? • TLD=CDMA is too CDMA specific. No viable for Global IOP • TLD=3gppnetwork.org is also supported within GPRS/GRX DNS hierarchy, is it too GSM specific? • If TLD=3gppnetwork.org is still too GSM specific, will TLD=net.mobile or something unique to all mobile operators is the right TLD for all mobile operators? • The bottom line is to find name scheme that fits to all mobile operators, and globally unique.

  10. MM4 Naming Scheme for CDMA • Closeness: • Mainly for security concern • MM4 interface is meant to be opened to other mobile operators • CDMA Operators should have their own common DNS hierarchy to support all roaming and inter-working applications needs • Such DNS can be achieved within CDMA packet data roaming infrastructure • Open to GSM community for global interoperability

  11. MM4 Naming Scheme for CDMA • Addressing Resolution: • Given MM4 name scheme, addressing resolution could be developed as • IMSI+DNS based addressing resolution • +E164  IMSI (MNC, MCC) mms.mncXXX.mccXXX.TLD • Private ENUM • +E164  1.2.3.4.5.6.7.e164.TLD  NAPTR (MM4 domain=mms.mncXXX.mccXXX.TLD)

  12. MM4 Naming Scheme for CDMA • Global Interoperability: • The key for global interoperability is to have an common TLD for all mobile operators, GSM and CDMA. • E.g., any given +E164 number • +E164 mms.mncXXX.mccXXX.TLD • There would be no confusion for each MMSC on which TLD domain to use when composing the query string. • Single Hierarchy DNS structure among all mobile operators • GRX Root DNS controls and manages those GSM subdomains, while CDMA Root DNS manages those of CDMA operators • Two Root exchange zone information and allows queries from each others to achieve global interoperability

  13. Open to discussion • Is (MNC, MCC) viable among CDMA Operators? • Is there any mechanism to map an E164 to an IMSI within CDMA network? • Is 3gppnetwork.org too GSM specific? • What TLD would be appropriate to both CDMA and GSM communities? • ???

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