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Development

Development. AP Human Geography. What is development?. Development refers to improved living conditions for humans through diffusion of knowledge and technology. Includes: education, health care, jobs, economy, income, etc.

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Development

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  1. Development AP Human Geography

  2. What is development? • Development refers to improved living conditions for humans through diffusion of knowledge and technology. • Includes: education, health care, jobs, economy, income, etc. • Development is generally viewed as desirable and something that benefits everyone. • However, different countries develop at different rates, creating inequality.

  3. Farming

  4. Healthcare

  5. Education

  6. Industry

  7. MDC’s vs. LDC’s MDC’s LDC’s • Higher GDP per capita ($20,000 +) • Better health care= longer life expectancy, lower infant mortality rates • Better education= higher literacy rate, better jobs • Tertiary jobs • Stage 4/5 of DTM • Anglo-America, Europe, Japan, S. Korea, Australia • Lower GDP per capita (as low as $1000) • Poor access to health care= disease, shorter life span, high infant mortality • Less access to education= lower literacy rate, fewer jobs • Primary, Secondary jobs • Stage 2/3 of DTM • Africa, Latin America, Asia

  8. HDI: Human Development Index • A “formula” used by the UN to determine the level of development of a country. • 1.0 is highest, 0.0 is lowest. • Factors used to determine HDI • GDP per capita (economic factor) • Literacy rate (social factor) • Level of education (social factor) • Life expectancy (demographic factor)

  9. HDI: MDC’s vs. LDC’s MDC’s LDC’s • Japan 0.96 • Anglo- America 0.95 • Europe 0.93 • Oceania 0.90 • Russia 0.73* • Latin America 0.82 • East Asia 0.77 • SW Asia/N. Africa 0.74 • SE Asia 0.73 • Central Asia 0.70 • South Asia 0.61 • Sub-Saharan Af. 0.51

  10. HDI

  11. Country Ranking

  12. Core-Periphery Model • Countries of the world are divided into 3 groups: • Core • MDC’s w/ high standard of living • Europe, U.S., Canada, Japan, etc. • Semi-Periphery • Newly industrialized, not as developed as core. • BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China) • Periphery • Low industrialization, standard of living, etc. • Sub-Saharan Africa, parts of Asia/SA • Historically, the Core developed at the expense of the Periphery. • Ex. Colonization • Today, gap between core and periphery continues to grow.

  13. Core-Periphery Relationships

  14. Core- Periphery in the U.S.

  15. Per Capita GDP

  16. Motor Vehicles Per 1,000 Persons Figure 9-4

  17. Students Per Teacher, Primary School Figure 9-6

  18. Economic North and South

  19. Economic North and South

  20. The World at night

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