Civil Rights: 1940s to Little Rock

1. Civil Rights: 1940s to Little Rock “Power concedes nothing without a demand. . . . It never did, and it never will.” — Frederick Douglass

2. Civil Rights in the Early Holocene Epoch

3. Homework: Read Gaillard, Cradle of Freedom, 75-116, 135-177, 195-206Read Lawson / Payne, eds., Debating, 82-87, 159-167

4. Agency, Action, Inaction, and Movement Building • What actions were civil rights activists justified in using to achieve social justice? • How did representatives of “The State” respond to the civil rights movement, and how did they justify those responses? • How does a social movement -- and attendant social, political, economic change -- “happen”?

6. “Until justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream.” -- Martin Luther King, Jr., echoing the prophet Amos

8. Hallowed Ground

9. 4 Little Girls

10. The Rise of Segregation: The Strange Career of “Jim Crow”

11. Three Pillars of White Supremacy • Segregation • Voter disfranchisement • Extralegal violence and use of criminal justice system [concept of “legal lynching”]

12. Voter Disfranchisement

13. The Scourge of Lynching

14. . . . and “Race Riots”

16. 1940-1954

17. Was there a New Deal for blacks?

19. Charles White.The Return of the Soldier, 1946.Pen and ink on illustration board.Prints and Photographs Division.Reproduction Number: LC-USZC4-4886 (8-19)

21. 1954

22. Agency and the Brown cases:From “nibbling around the edges” to a full frontal assault

25. Lynching, the Sexual “Color Line,” and a Culture of Violence

27. The Banner hanging with depressing regularity outside of the NAACP offices in New York City in the early decades of the 20th century

29. Halloween 2001

34. 1955

36. “I want the whole world to see what they did to my baby. . . .”

38. 1955

39. nature of “direct action” • ideology • strategy • tactics • boycotts [withholding patronage, economic boycotts, etc.]

40. Sign indicating demarcation of segregated seating on Birmingham city bus during the Jim Crow era

41. Sign indicating demarcation of segregated seating on Birmingham city bus during the Jim Crow era

42. Mythology and Spontaneity

45. E.D. Nixon and Rosa Parks

47. Martin Luther King, Peter Seeger, Charis Horton, Rosa Parks, and Ralph Abernathy at Highlander Folk School’s 25th Reunion, 1957

48. Forgotten Faces and Events

49. Claudette Colvin

50. JoAnn Robinson of the Women’s Political Council (WPC) in Montgomery