Religion in America

1. Religion in America CA Standard 11.3 McElhaney 2008-09

2. Prior Knowledge Questions • Prior Knowledge: • What is the status of religion in the US today? • (Facts that you know about religion in America today.) • What is the nature of Religion and Government, politics, and their interaction? • We are going to learn about the foundation of Religion in America:

3. 11.3 Students analyze the role religion played in the founding of America, its lasting moral, social, and political impacts and issues regarding religious liberty. Essential Question: How has Religion impacted the development of the United States? What are the basic facts related to religion in the colonial period? How are religious values reflected in the American culture and government? Culture: Government: How did the Religious revivals of the First and Second Great Awakening impact American culture? Religion in America has not always been positive. How have Americans responded to “Other Religions?”

4. Diversity of Religions = religious pluralism English Religion- Protestants Puritans (pg 24) “Sinners in the hands of an angry God” Church of England Presbyterians Maryland = Refuge for Roman Catholics Pennsylvania-Quakers Religious Values in Government Anti-monarchy Self-rule Equality Religious liberty Civil and human rights Abolition of Slavery (anti-slavery) Religious Values in Culture: Family-centered communities Individual responsibility Work ethic First Great Awakening (pg 35) Evangelism Jonathan Edwards Abolition Second Great Awakening Sectarian (Religious) Intolerance Mormons (pg. 131) Anti-Catholic sentiment (142) Anti-Semitism Key Terms/Vocabulary to know

5. Europe has major problems with religion • Protestant Reformation 1517-1648 (link) • Martin Luther, Catholic Monk, complained about problems in the Catholic Church in Europe. • 95 Theses • Excommunicated • Germans support Luther • 30 Years War erupts • (huge problem) • People coming to America bring religion with them

6. Pink= Protestant Countries

7. New England Colonies:Religious Motives v. Money • Puritans or very religious protestants known as Calvinists- rejected Catholicism (Roman Catholic religion) • Were known as Separatists and or Pilgrims. • 1620- Established Plymouth Colony in America

9. Social Aspects Traveled in families- tight community Very religious- intolerant of differences Small population, grows to 300 after 10 years Literacy important Small landholdings Strong work ethic Work = religious piety Political Male dominated Election of governor Believed in equality for males with property and if they were religious Plymouth:

11. Massachusetts Bay Colony • Another Puritans community Very religious / • Winthrop wanted to create the a holy model of purity- “City upon a hill” as an example to all • All adult free men, part of a Puritan congregation(church members) could vote • Town hall meetings used to discuss and vote on local matters

12. Puritan Values • Puritans believed hard work was the way to salvation. • Puritans created the first universities in colonies- • To educate the clergy. • 1636 Harvard

13. Rhode Island 1600s • Dissented with Puritans • Massachusetts Bay • Roger Williams • Founds Rhode Island • A place for • Religious tolerance • Jews and Catholics

14. Maryland 1632 • Calvert was a catholic- allowed Catholics to move, “Catholic Refuge” but still a minority, mostly protestants. • 1649, Act of Toleration or “Act Concerning Religion” the Calverts persuaded the Assembly to adopt a law of religious toleration- but only for Christians

15. Maryland: • English King Gave Lord Baltimore land • Refuge for Catholics

16. Pennsylvania

17. Proprietary Colony-William Penn Refuge for Quakers: “Society of Friends” Beliefs: equality (including gender), no kneeling, no oaths, pacifists, anti-violence, plain clothes Large colony Freedom of worship Diverse population- German, Swedes, Fins Elected assembly- to help govern Friendly relations with Indians Pennsylvania (1681)

18. How has Religion impacted the development of the United States?1. What are the basic facts related to religion in the colonial period? • Diversity of Religions = religious pluralism • English Religion- Protestants • Puritans • Quakers • Roman Catholics • Religious freedom generally • Problem still Sectarian Hostility = against Catholics and Jews

19. Great Awakening= “Awakening” to religion Refers to reviving religious beliefs Stated man is not helpless in achieving regeneration; his will can be an effective force in his being saved Characteristics: Evangelism = strong, energetic preachers Sermons emphasized starting new relationship with GOD. Jonathan Edwards famous evangelist of the first Great Awakening. The First Great Awakening 1730s-1740s

21. The awakening sermons said: The weight of sin will cause god’s wrath God will execute justice upon the sinner “The wrath of God is like great waters that are dammed for the present; they increase more and more, and rise higher and higher, till an outlet is given, and the longer the stream is stopped, the more rapid and mighty is its course, when once it is let loose. Tis true, that judgment against your evil works has not been executed hitherto; the floods of God’s vengeance have been withheld; but your guilt in the meantime is constantly increasing, ‘and you are every day treasuring up more wrath; the waters are continually rising and waxing more and more mighty; and there is nothing but the mere pleasure of God that holds the waters back that are unwilling to be stopped, and press hard to go forward; if God should only withdraw his hand from the floodgate, it would immediately fly open, and the fiery floods of the fierceness and wrath of God would rush forth with inconceivable fury, and would come upon you with omnipotent power; and if your strength were ten thousand times greater than it is, yea ten thousand times greater than “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”by Jonathan Edwards

23. Culture: Civil and human rights (anti-slavery) Family-centered communities Individual responsibility Puritan Work Ethic Government: Anti-monarchy Self-rule Equality Religious liberty First Amendment to the US Constitution: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof;…” How has Religion impacted the development of the United States?3. How are religious values reflected in the American culture and government? Culture: Government:

24. First Great Awakening 1730s-1740s More people participated in Religion Caused people to question traditional authority of churches Stressed the importance of the individual Happened just before the revolution Second Great Awakening Widespread Christian Movement Awaken sentiments that last from 1790-1830s Revival meetings= new life Emotional Sermons Increased the amount of people participating in churches Abolition Movement Rises 3. How did the Religious revivals of the First and Second Great Awakening impact American culture?Revivals = “giving new life” to bring back to life specifically Popular Religion • Spread Christian ideas of equality, written law, and morality.

25. Religion in American has not always been positive. How have Americans responded to “Other Religions?” • Hostility- • Jews • Mormons • Catholics

26. Religious Intolerance for Jews • America has a long history of hostility to other religions- • Anti-Semitism or hatred of Jews was imported with the earliest colonists. • Most British colonies were hostile toward Jews (Massachusetts, New England area, Virginia, Georgia, South and North Carolina…) • Tolerance for Jews #1 Rhode Island- freedom of worship, • Pennsylvania- first Synagogue Philadelphia, • New York • This was also a bi-product of European hatreds.

27. Catholics were hated much like Jews, Indians, and blacks Culture from England, a Protestant country, was against Catholics- Reformation- fight between Catholics and Protestants The United States developed this same hostility against Catholics. 1840s large population of Catholics come to America Irish come to America 3million come it 4 years Irish Potato Famine German Catholics also come Religious Intolerance for Catholics

28. Anti-Mormon Views • Joseph Smith- American protestant- • 1820-1823 has a vision of God and Jesus and Founds a church in 1830. • Smith gains followers

29. New Testament to the Bible (this creates hostility to the majority group that believes in the Bible) Values- Polygamy, exclusive in business and family relations, strict lifestyle – no drinking, caffeine, tobacco… Established religion was hostile to the Mormons Joseph Smith was arrested then lynched (murdered by mob) Begin in NY and move to Ohio, then Missouri, Illinois Brigham Young is the leader of the Mormons after Smith Then to Utah- where they establish a strong permanent community. Mormons