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Unit 8 Building Materials

Unit 8 Building Materials. 建筑材料. Teaching Steps. Leading in. Dialogue. Text. Exercises. Guided writing. Leading In. Questions: 1.Can you recognize these buildings? What are they? 2.What kind of building materials are used in these buildings?. The National Stadium.

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Unit 8 Building Materials

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  1. Unit 8Building Materials 建筑材料

  2. Teaching Steps Leading in Dialogue Text Exercises Guided writing

  3. Leading In • Questions: 1.Can you recognize these buildings? What are they? 2.What kind of building materials are used in these buildings?

  4. The National Stadium

  5. The Palace Museum

  6. A pyramid A large building with a square or triangular base and sloping sides that meet in a point at the top. The ancient Egyptians built stone pyramids as places to bury their kings and queens.

  7. DIALOGUE • Today, we will learn the most commonly used and the solidest building material in architecture --- Concrete.

  8. B: I am afraid you made the same mistake as many people do. As a matter of fact, its history began with the Romans, who used it to build their aqueducts and amphitheatres. A: Concrete is a modern material. When did it appear?

  9. A:As far as I know, concrete is a mixture of water , gravel and sand with Portland cement. As the workmen are concerned, adding enough water makes placement of the concrete easier. B: You must remember that the greater the proportion of water in water-cement ratio is, the weaker the final concrete will be. When an excessive amount of water has been used, there will be an excessive number of voids, which may cause the concrete to leak badly.

  10. A: Oh, I see. How Can it be cured ? B: The time during which concrete hydrate and increases in strength is its curing period. Throughout the curing period, therefore, all the exposed surfaces of the concrete must be kept moist. Only in this way will the concrete become increasingly stronger, denser and more impervious to water. A: How long is the curing period? B: The concrete must be kept continually moist for 14 days and longer if at all possible.

  11. 1. aqueduct: a structure of carrying water, usually built like a bridge across a valley or low ground. 2. amphitheatre: a circular building without a roof and with rows of seats that rise in steps around an open space, often used in ancient Greece and Rome for public entertainment. 3 . Portlandcement: a name of place in Britain where is famous for its cement. 4. placement: put in a certain place. Words and Phrases

  12. 5. proportion & ratio: relation between two amount determined by the number of times one con contain the other 6. excessive: too much, extreme 7. void: space 8. leak: the liquid, gas that goes out orin 9. cure: caring and protecting 10. hydrate: chemical compound of water with other substance 11. curing period: the time during the curing 12. moist: wet 13. impervious: not allowing the water to pass

  13. TEXT Questions: • How many kinds of cements are mentioned in the text? What are they? • What is the disadvantage of the pitch fiber pipes? • Can asbestos cement pipes catch fire easily? • What does the word ‘nailable’ mean? • What is called a composite material?

  14. The materials are the basic elements of any building. Building materials may be classified into three groups, according to the purposes they are used for. Structural materials are those that hold the building up, keep it rigid, form its outer covering of walls and roof, and divide its interior into rooms. In the second group are materials for the equipments inside the building, such as the plumbing, heating and lighting systems. Finally, there are materials that are used to protect or decorate other materials.

  15. Steel and concrete are the most widely used structural materials today. Steel is truly an all-around material. It is nearly as durable as stone. But it must be painted to prevent it from rusting. In modern construction steel is used for the supporting framework of large buildings.

  16. Cement is an important building material. Of the various Portland cements, the following varieties are now generally available from the markets in the industrialized countries.

  17. (1) Ordinary Portland cement, which is the cheapest. (2) Rapid-hardening cement, which is slightly more expensive than(1) (3) Sulphate-resisting cement. (4) Air-entraining cement which greatly improves the frost resistance of the concrete. (5) Low-heat cement for massive construction such as dams. (6) High-alumina cement, which reaches a Portland 28-day strength in 24 hours with corresponding high heat. Its color is usually black. (7) Another high-alumina cement, which is used for furnace linings, is white. It is several times more expensive than the black variety.

  18. The above-mentioned cements are widely used on the construction site. Now let’s talk about pipes. Pitch fiber is an easily joined pipe and it is as strong as stoneware pipes, but it is not so resistant to all corrosive or hot liquids. Asbestos cement pipes, on the other hand, can be used for liquids with almost any purpose. The more expensive sheet is nailable, almost as strong as wood and fully fireproof. The cheaper sheet is easily broken by shock or pressure or under the effect of a frame. Plastics have been widely used for a variety of accessory roles in buildings including panels, drainpipes and decorative ceilings.

  19. Composite materials are gaining importance in building homes. A modern material in house building is glass-reinforced polyester resin. Panels of this material are composites themselves. Materials used for doors and window frames are timber, steel and aluminum alloys.

  20. EXERCISE Ⅰ.Complete the sentences. rust frost fireproof prevent …from suffer from for a variety of • The weather forecast says that there will be a heavy ____ here tomorrow. • The people in the area ___floods. • These houses catch fire easily as the building materials aren’t ___. • As everybody knows, iron __easily. • The doctor and nurses are working hard to ___ • the disease___ spreading. • Tall building are popular ____ reasons.

  21. 1. 建筑材料 2. 卫生管道 3. 供热设备 4. 照明设备 5. 硅酸盐水泥 6. 建筑工地 7. 沥青 8. 石棉 9. 合成材料 10.铝合金 1.building materials 2.plumbing system 3.heating equipments 4.lighting equipments 5.Portland cement 6. constructive site 7. pitch 8. asbestos 9. composite materials 10. aluminum alloys Ⅱ.Translation

  22. GUIDED WRITING • Negotiation（交涉） • Ask for Samples (索取样品) 2. Ask for Quotation (索取报价单)

  23. 1. Asking for Samples(索取样品)

  24. Sample 1 • Dear Mr. Morgan, We have received your letter of October 10, 2005 outlining your commercial terms and the attached specifications for your product No. 1080. In order to make a proper evaluation of your product, it would be very helpful to examine an actual sample. We wonder of it would be possible for you to send us one unit of the product as a sample, free of charge. We await your positive reply. Sincerely, …

  25. Sample 2 • Dear Mr. Pearson, Thank you for showing interest in our product No. 1080. We have sent you two sample units by courier service today. Today being Friday, they will most likely arrive in your hands on Monday, October 25. We are confident that the samples will be very satisfactory and we look forward to hearing from you soon. Best regards, …

  26. 2. Asking for Quotation(索取报价单) 请对方报价时，要尽是详细告之该产品的数量等要求。报价时，要标明产品、规格、数量、价格、付款条件、包装条件、装运期、报价有效期等。对报价单持否定的结论时，要寄回绝函，最好写明回绝的原因、理由等，以供对方参考。

  27. Sample 1 • Ladies/Gentlemen, We refer to your letter (your ref. No. 1234) dated august 3, 2006 and the enclosed brochure. Depending on your competitiveness in price and other terms, we may be interested in selling your Super-Distance woods in our marker. We would therefore appreciate receiving a quotation for the following quantities: Super-Distance: One hundred (100) sets (each set consisting of : Nos. 1, 3 and 5 woods). We await your quotation. Very truly yours,

  28. Sample2 • Dear Mr. Jefferson, We have received with gratitude your letter of august 21, 2006 requesting us to submit a quotation. We are pleased to offer the following quote: (1) Item : Super-Distance wood clubs; (2) Specifications: AS-2345 which are attached; (3) Quantity: One hundred (100) sets of Super-distance wood clubs, each set consisting of the following three (3) clubs: Nos. 1, 3 and 5 woods; (4)Price: Six Hundred United States Dollars (US $600.00) per set; (5)Payment Terms: L/C at sight; (6) Packing: Our standing export packing; (7) Shipment: Within one (1) week after receipt of L/C; (8) Validity: Unless an L/C is opened on or before September 29, 2006, this quotation shall become null and void. We hope that you will find our quotation attractive and look forward to hearing from you soon. Sincerely,

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