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Chapter 17

Chapter 17. Principles of Trauma. Kinematics and Mechanism of Injury. Kinematics: laws of motion. Consider : Mass of patient or object that struck patient Speed of patient or object that struck patient Energy transmitted. Kinematics and Mechanism of Injury. Kinematics

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Chapter 17

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  1. Chapter 17 Principles of Trauma

  2. Kinematics and Mechanism of Injury • Kinematics: laws of motion. • Consider : • Mass of patient or object that struck patient • Speed of patient or object that struck patient • Energy transmitted

  3. Kinematics and Mechanism of Injury • Kinematics • Kinetic Energy (KE) = mass x velocity2 2 • This means that the speed the patient is traveling is more important than their weight. continued

  4. Kinematics andMechanism of Injury • Kinematics • Stopping Distance • Kinetic energy to the body of a patient traveling at a constant speed • More=hitting a tree • Less= hitting a pliable net continued

  5. Pathophysiology • Severity of bodily injuries is directly related to Mechanism of Injury (MOI) • MOI = amount of kinetic energy absorbed + direction the energy travels + density of the structures impacted continued

  6. Pathophysiology • Five Mechanisms of Injury: • Blunt • Penetrating • Rotational • Crush • Blast continued

  7. Injury Phases • Pre-injury • Events and conditions leading up to injury • Includes preventive intervention efforts • Injury • Energy transfer damages • Patroller will develop an index of suspicion based on MOI continued

  8. Injury Phases • Post-Injury • Immediately after energy transfer • Three “peaks” when death generally occurs • First few seconds to minutes – Life saving interventions • Minutes to an hour – “Golden Hour” • Days to weeks – Complications • Back country rescues increase difficulty of care and transport continued

  9. Trauma Systems • Designations for patient destinations • Levels I to V based on staff qualifications and experience with trauma • More severe injuries = higher trauma level • Specialized centers are available for pediatrics

  10. Assessment • Trauma assessment implements all previously covered skills (Ch 7) • Additional topics may include • MOI and the forces involved • Treatment rendered before your arrival • Determine treatment and transportation plan • Reassessment is vital

  11. Management • Mitigate hazards • Correct immediate life threats • Spinal stabilization • Use oxygen • Monitor/treat for shock • Prepare patient for transport • Document your assessment and treatment

  12. Chapter Summary • Trauma prevention is as important as trauma management. • Injuries can be divided into three phases: pre-injury, injury, and post-injury. • The five mechanisms of trauma are penetrating injury, blunt injury, crush injury, rotational injury, and blast injury. continued

  13. Chapter Summary • A trauma center is a specialized medical facility geared toward addressing the specific needs of trauma patients. • Whenever possible, multi-system trauma patients should be taken to a trauma center. continued

  14. Chapter Summary • When indicated by the MOI, early immobilization of a trauma patient’s spine is essential. • The three goals of serious trauma management are early recognition, correction of threats to life, and rapid transportation to a trauma center.

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