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logic

New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity? Collective Bargaining and Social Policy Conference - Labour 4.0: Strong Collective Bargaining to shape digitalisation Bratislava | Prof.dr. Steven Dhondt. logic. Shaping which future?: the Dutch Smart Industry programme.

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logic

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  1. New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?Collective Bargaining and Social Policy Conference - Labour 4.0: Strong Collective Bargaining to shape digitalisation Bratislava | Prof.dr. Steven Dhondt

  2. logic Shaping which future?: the Dutch Smart Industry programme Measuring impacts the OECD-way Is technology debate used to change the rules? Can technology anyway be steered? Same technology, different results? What does this mean for trade unions? 2 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  3. The promises of Dutch smart industry • Smart Industry as a growth plan: • Digital transformation has created growth: • 25% new customers • Employment growth of 4% • 286.000 • + 70.000 pension • + 50.000 extra growth • Fieldlabs: sufficient to manage the transformation? • Smart working • Skills lab • Human centered technology 3 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  4. But really better jobs? 4 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  5. But really better jobs? 5 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  6. impact of disruptive technologies? Measuring impacts the oecd-way precarious better 6 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  7. Is the technology debate neutral?

  8. The Technology debate: used to change the rules? Training funds Fixed contracts Negotiation rights Old social contract EPL Liberalisation constrained by EPL Technology constrained by old social contracts Economic performance Economic performance 8 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  9. What could technology change? Better jobs More precarity Equality, equity Polarisation Earning quality Labour market security Security Flexible and insecure Quality of working environment Safe and healthy work Unsafe work, unmanaged risks 9 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  10. Understanding sets of technology: the example of industry Automation Operator support Communication technology Information technology Management systems 10 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  11. Dominant impacts of technologies: heterogeneous result Organisational and human connection Technologies JOB DESTRUCTION Automation SUPER-HUMANS Operator support CENTRALISATION, SPECIALISATION Communication technology DECENTRALISATION, UOMO UNIVERSALIS Information technology ZERO-FAILURE ORGANISATION Management systems 11 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  12. technology from a process perspective The technological potential The technology strategy The technological reality € Patents R&D 12 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  13. Limitations of technology.What drives better or precarious work in Europe?

  14. Changes in earnings quality, labour market security, quality of the working environment. (+ Percentage change, 2005/7-2013/5) = GE = BE = NL = SW = SL = CH Source: OECD Job Quality Database (2016). 14 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  15. germany: an industrial strategy focused on differentiation Differentiation leaders Employment Index (2001=100) Investment in R&D, in digital technologies, and product development Job-enhanced growth AV Index (2001=100) 15 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  16. Cost-leaders netherlands: an industrial strategy focused on cost-leadership Employment Index (2001=100) AV Index (2001=100) Investment in ‘hard automation’ (less PC per product) and lower factor costs (labour, taxes etc) Job-less growth 16 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  17. Unclear approach belgium: an unclear industrial approach AV Index (2001=100) No cost-leadership, no differentiation strategy No growth of companies, only job loss 17 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  18. Strategy matters,But are results reliable?

  19. BE, GE, NL: declining relative employment in industry, but differences in real numbers GE: Industry4.0 (2011) NL: Top Sectors (Smart Industry) (2011) BE: Flanders Make (2014); Digital Wallonia (2015) 19 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  20. Performance: added value Added value has risen in all three countries. The level of rise is remarkable higher in GE, but this can be explained by the fact that in absolute figures, GE shows a lower added value per employee: 77.216 euros. In BE, this 110.241 euros and in NL this is 109.050 euros. 20 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  21. Earnings quality: unit labour costs BE shows the lowest ULC in comparison to GE and NL. This is probably the reason for higher investments and high profits. NL ULC have risen quite considerable over time. Average wages are however comparable, but in favour of BE workers: 43.140 euros in 2016, 41.860 euro in GE and 41.882 euro in NL. It seems as if the BE companies are trying to reduce their wage handicap on GE and BE. 21 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  22. labour market security: contracts 22 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity? • Belgium: more indefinite contracts (core-workers), 10% self-employed • Germany: 2010-crisis was countered with flex-contracts, now back to indefinite contracts • Netherlands: flex was low, but increasing change. 30% as temporary contract or self-employed. SE on just higher level as Belgium.

  23. quality of the working environment: % high strain jobs in indefinite and flex contracts 23 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  24. Germany: • Strong unions, co-determination • Training: apprenticeships Summary: industry Better jobs More precarity Earning quality • Netherlands: • Limited power unions at company level • Training: more and more education based Red = NL Green = BE Blue = GE Labour market security Quality of working environment • Belgium: • Strong unions • Training: between GE and NL 24 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  25. What does this mean for trade unions?

  26. Better jobs? Requires long-term action Institutions Alternative futures-of-work are possible Employee as driver of innovation Quality of work Investments in programmes Public money: requires input public stakeholders Putting the topic on the agenda QoW is not fixed International divergence? 26 | New World of Work: towards Better Jobs or more precarity?

  27. Thank you for your attention Take a look: TNO.NL/TNO-INSIGHTS

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