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Flag smut of wheat

Flag smut of wheat. Pathogen :- Urocystis agropyri Symptoms :- Attacks the leaves and stems of wheat plants. The fungus produces grey-black lines of spores that run parallel to the leaf veins. Infected plants are often stunted and the flag leaf twisted.

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Flag smut of wheat

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  1. Flag smut of wheat • Pathogen:-Urocystis agropyri • Symptoms:- • Attacks the leaves and stems of wheat plants. • The fungus produces grey-black lines of spores that run parallel to the leaf veins. • Infected plants are often stunted and the flag leaf twisted. • Spores on infected leaves and straw are spread onto the grain and soil surface. • Flag smut has both a soil and seed borne disease. Flag smut

  2. Control of flag smut disease • By resistant varieties • NP 165,WG 189,VL 426,HD 2117, HW161,HB 121, HB 113, etc. • By seed treatment • Seed treated with sulpher or organo-mercurials. • Foliarflo-C, Maxiflo, Vitaflo C, Vitavax 200FF, Proguard Plus, Proleaf Plus, Rancona C , etc. • Clean seeds should be used. • By crop rotation • Also effective in controlling this disease.

  3. Foot rot disease :-(Bakanae disease) • Pathogen:- Fusarium moniliforme • Symptoms :- • abnormal elongation of plants. • drying of leaves at late infection. • Infected plants several inches taller than normal plants . • Thin plants with yellowish green leaves and pale green flag leaves. • infected seedlings with lesions on roots die which may die before or after transplanting . Foot rot disease

  4. Control:- • By resistant varieties • Co-18,Co-22,ADT-8,PTB-7,G.E.B. 24, etc • By seed treatment • Clean seeds should be used. • Salt water can be used to separate lightweight, infected seeds from seed lots. • Seed treatment using fungicides such as thiram, thiophanate -methyl, or benomyl is effective before planting.

  5. Stem rot disease :- • Pathogen :- Sclerotium oryzae • Symptoms:- • Small, irregular black lesions on the outer leaf sheath near water level. • Lesions expand as the disease advances • Infected stem rots. • Visible numerous tiny white and black sclerotia and mycelium inside the infected culms • Infected culm lodges and caused unfilled panicles and chalky grain • Severe infection causes tiller death • The disease aggravates the plants to lodge Stem rot disease

  6. Stem rot disease control • By resistant varieties • Basumati 3, Basumati 370,Mashkan 7,Mashkan 41,Bara 62 etc • By crop rotation • Proved beneficial for disease control. • By proper manuring • A balanced use of fertilizer with high potash and lime to increase soil pH reduces stem rot infection and increases yield. • By spraying • Chemicals such as fentin hydroxide sprayed at the mid-tillering stage. • Thiophanate-methyl sprayed at the time of disease initiation can reduce stem rot incidence in the rice field. • The use of fungicides such as Ferimzone and validamycin A also show effectively against the fungus.

  7. Sheath blight:- • Pathogen:-Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn • Symptoms:- • Initial lesions are small, ovoid, greenish-gray and water-soaked. • develop near the water line in lowland fields. • Older lesions are ovoid with a grayish white center and light brown to dark brown margin. • Lesions may reach the uppermost leaf under favorable conditions. • Lesions may forming bigger lesions with irregular outline and may cause the death of the whole leaf. • Severely infected plants produced poorly filled or empty grains, especially those on the lower portion of the panicles

  8. Control of Sheath blight:- • plant spacing • plant spacing should be optimized. • Dense crop growth which favors the horizontal spread of the disease. • Sanitation • Removing of weeds, can help control sheath blight. • Pathogen attacks weeds which are commonly found in rice fields. • Spraying • Spraying infected plants with fungicides, such as benomyl and iprodione, and antibiotics, such as validamycin and polyoxin, is effective against the disease. • Biological control • Trichoderma & gliocladiumare used to control disease

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