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History Alive! Chapter 13 THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR

History Alive! Chapter 13 THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. By Stephanie Ellegood Graves Central Elementary School. Terms to Know……. COLONIES. GREAT BRITAIN. INDEPENDENCE.

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History Alive! Chapter 13 THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR

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  1. History Alive! Chapter 13THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR By Stephanie Ellegood Graves Central Elementary School

  2. Terms to Know…… COLONIES GREAT BRITAIN INDEPENDENCE • Revolutionary War: The war between the American _______________ and _____________________ from 1775 to 1783. The American revolutionaries wanted ___________________ and a new/different ___________________. • strategies: _________ for winning a war, such as how and where to use an army or navy. • professional army: To be _____________________ and ________ for one’s work. For example, a professional army is made up of soldiers who are taught how to be skilled fighters and who are paid for their service. • Continental Army: The army of ___________________ led by General ___________________________ that fought the British in the Revolutionary War. This army was created by the Second Continental Congress. • Allies: people or countries who _________ each other (for example, by fighting on the same side in a war) GOVERNMENT PLANS WELL-TRAINED PAID VOLUNTEERS GEORGE WASHINGTON HELP

  3. 13.2 The Continental Army VOLUNTEERS • The Continental Army was made up of __________________ of poor farmers, merchants, and workers who wanted to defend their rights listed in the Declaration of Independence. The Continental Army was led by General ___________________________. • ______________ also helped the Continental Army. They cooked, fixed uniforms, and cared for the sick/injured. Some women even ___________ in battles. • The Continental Army had little money for ________ and ________________. They had to provide their own _______ and _______________. They didn’t know how to be a soldier and often had little __________________. • The colonial ________ was small against the massive British navy. The colonial navy was mostly small trading and fishing ships. GEORGE WASHINGTON WOMEN FOUGHT FOOD SUPPLIES UNIFORMS GUNS DISCIPLINE NAVY

  4. 13.3 The British Army WARSHIPS • The British had 270 _______________, and they built 200 more before the war was over. • The British Army was ________ and __________________, and their soldiers were paid and well-trained. • The British _____________ paid for their soldiers’ uniforms and supplies. Their guns included ___________ (blade like a sword on ends of guns) • The British Army included __________ (loyal to England), Native Americans, and ______________ (soldiers who fight for anyone who will pay them). LARGE PROFESSIONAL PARLIAMENT BAYONETS LOYALISTS MERCENARIES

  5. 13.4 The British Army: A Long Way from Home • The British Army was far from their home. All supplies, orders, and soldiers had to travel _______ miles across the ____________________ (which could take 3 months). • Once the British ships made it to the US coast, they were often attacked by ________________ ships. Congress gave these ships permission to attack British supply ships. Later in the war, _________ warships also attacked the British ships. 3,000 ATLANTIC OCEAN PRIVATEER FRENCH

  6. 13.4 The British Army: A Long Way from Home (cont….) HOME • The Continental Army had the advantage of fighting in their _______ country. Local _____________ would sell or give the Continental Army food. ___________ from the colonies also supported the Continental soldiers. They ran the farms and businesses while the men were fighting, brought supplies to camp, worked as nurses, and spied on the British. Some even __________ in battles. • The British soldiers were fighting in a place they didn’t know well. Colonists usually _________________ to help the British soldiers if they needed food or supplies CITIZENS WOMEN FOUGHT REFUSED

  7. 13.5 The Continental Army’s Motivation to Win MOTIVATION • The Continental Army had a special advantage over the British….they had a stronger _______________ to win because they were fighting to defend their _________ listed in the Declaration of Independence. • This motivation gave them their ____________. It helped them during the harsh ___________ of 1777-1778 when Washington and his men were at __________________. The men did not have warm clothing and many men had NO shoes. Over _________ men died that winter from the cold and sickness. But they did NOT give up! • The British were not as motivated. They were not fighting for a cause. It was their ______. Many British were unhappy about fighting an _____________ war in America. • The British promised to ________ slaves who helped them fight, and the __________________________fought for the British to protect their lands. RIGHTS STRENGTH WINTER VALLEY FORGE 2,500 JOB EXPENSIVE FREE NATIVE AMERICANS

  8. 13.6 Different War Strategies OFFENSIVE • The British preferred to fight an ______________ war. They planned attacks to take control of the land. • The Continentals chose to fight a ________________ war. They didn’t want to destroy the British…just hold them off. • The British thought most Patriots were in _____________, but they learned that thousands of colonists were ready to fight for independence. The British tried to show ___________ by capturing important cities like ________________. DEFENSIVE BOSTON POWER NEW YORK

  9. 13.6 Different War Strategies (cont….) HIT & RUN • General Washington changed his approach. His men used “______________” tactics. (surprise attacks on small groups, then retreated) • General Washington also used _______________ tactics (shooting soldiers one at a time from hiding places in the woods). Washington also used _____________________ to take out soldiers one by one. They did this to frighten and discourage the British. • The British wanted to fight the Continental Army ______________________. George Washington took his men to _________________ for the winter instead in hopes of the British become discouraged. GUERILLA SHARPSHOOTERS FACE TO FACE VALLEY FORGE

  10. 13.7 The Continental Army Gains Allies ALLIES • The Continental Army was helped by ________ (people/countries fighting the same enemy together). • ____________ gave the Patriots gunpowder and loaning money. • Some European soldiers joined the fighting. • Marquis de Lafayette (__________) became a general in the Continental Army. • Friedrich von Steuben (_____________) helped train Washington’s army in Valley Forge. FRANCE FRENCH GERMAN

  11. 13.7 The Continental Army Gains Allies (cont…) 9,000 • Battle of Saratoga: In Saratoga, New York about ________ British were surrendered after being attacked by _______ militiamen with the help of other Continental troops. • This showed the colonists COULD beat the British Army! Then _________ and ________ became allies of the Continental Army. The British decided to try to win in the ______________ colonies. • Battle of ______________: The French and Continentals trapped the British as they were bringing supplies from New York. They trapped them at the _______ of Yorktown in ______________. After fighting for a week, the British surrendered. This was the last big battle of the war. 1,500 FRANCE SPAIN SOUTHERN YORKTOWN PORT VIRGINIA

  12. 13.8 The Treaty of Paris: American Victory • After the Battle of Yorktown, the British were ready to end the war. • Representatives from _____________, _____________, ___________, and ___________ met in PARIS, France to work on peace agreements. • During the peace agreements, fighting continued in the colonies. The British ________ wiped out American shipping. British troops were in control of cities in ________________, _________________, and _________________. Farther west there were small, terrible battles in places like western New York, Ohio, and even _________________. Continentals fought against British soldiers, Loyalists, and Native Americans resulting in the deaths of many women and children on both sides of the war. AMERICA BRITAIN SPAIN FRANCE NAVY NEW YORK CHARLESTON SAVANNAH KENTUCKY

  13. 13.8 The Treaty of Paris: American Victory (cont….) PARIS • In September 1783, the war ended with the Treaty of __________. • The Treaty of Paris included the following: • Britain recognized the United States as an independent _____________. • Britain gave the United States a large amount of land (the land east of the ______________________ River, south of ______________/Great Lakes, and the land north of ____________). Part of this land was what Britain had set aside for Native Americans in the Proclamation of 1763. • Britain promised to restore rights and property of Loyalists in the U.S., but the Americans did not keep that agreement. Many Loyalists left the U.S. to live in _____________, ______________, and other places. NATION MISSISSIPPI CANADA FLORIDA CANADA BRITAIN

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