Sequence Analysis using Sequence Viewer

1. Sequence Analysis using Sequence Viewer Yfke Ongena Workshop on Sequence analysis Wivenhoe House, University of Essex 15 February 2007

2. Overview • What is Sequence Viewer • How are data organized in Sequence Viewer • Overview of the possibilities of the program • Demonstration of sequential analyses

3. Sequence Viewer • Developed by Wil Dijkstra (VU Amsterdam) • Managing, coding and analyzing sequential data • Sequences of ‘events’ • With Survey interviews as data: • A sequence contains one Q-A sequence • The events in one sequence are all utterances concerning one question

4. Screenshot of Sequence Viewer Main menu I: First, how many persons live in your household, counting all adults and including yourself? R: Four - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Coding field Transcription Audio/ video files

5. Organisation of data in Sequence Viewer • Sequence variables (aggregate, numerical) • Event codes (alpha numerical) • Event variables (numerical) • Keys (links in text or sound/video)

6. Event codes in Sequence Viewer • Variables that ‘describe’ events • Event can be coded with 1 to 9 variables • 62 different values (A-Z, a-z, 0-9) and — for uncoded values • Event code = succession of codes on the variables

7. Event codes in Sequence Viewer (cd.) • Example: 3 code variables (‘Actor’, ‘Exchange’ and ‘Adequacy’) • Then event codes can be : ‘IQA’,’IQI’, ‘RAI’, etc. • Analyses on individual values or complete codes • Results of analysis can be converted to Sequence variables

8. Event variables in Sequence Viewer • Unlimited number of variables (unless exceeding 4GB data file size) • Examples: • Onset and offset time of events • Number of words in an utterance • Speech rate

9. Keys in Sequence Viewer • Text keys or Time keys • Conversion to sequence variable: • Nr of times the key occurs in a sequence • Nr of words within keys with same keyword • Conversion to event variable: • Nr of times the key occurs in each event • Nr of words within keys • Conversion to code variable: • Whether or not/ which key occurs in event

10. Keys in Sequence Viewer

11. Keys in Sequence Viewer

12. Other aspects of Sequence Viewer • Continuing development • Requests can relatively quickly be granted • Beta versions  bugs… • Freeware, but Macintosh only

13. Sequential analysis in Sequence Viewer • Cannell et al. (1968) “reciprocal cue searching process” in interviewer-respondent interaction • Brenner (1982) “action-by-action analysis” • Hill & Lepkowski (1996) “behavioural contagion”

14. Sequential analysis: comparing general patterns • Computing agreement between sequences • Sequence 1: IQA RAA IPX • Sequence 2: IQA RAM IPX • (DT delta Agreement = 0.6667) • Counting the number of different sequences (e.g., paradigmatic/ non-paradigmatic sequences) • Clustering sequences

15. Matrix analysis • Transitions between successive events • Lag 1 = immediate succession of an event: • Given event  Target event • Lag 2 = one other events intervenes • Given event  (other event)  Target event • Lag 3 = two other events intervene, etc. • Maximum number of lags is 9

16. Next and previous analysis • Determine target events based on given events • E.g., what are the consequences of a suggestive probe • Determine given events based on target events • E.g., what are the causes of a suggestive probe • Frequencies & expected frequencies • Proportions per sequence variable

17. Demonstration of analyses in Sequence Viewer • Simplified version of Multivariate Coding Scheme • Three variables: • Actor: I = Interviewer, R = Respondent • Exchange: Q = Question, A = Answer, P = Perception, C = Comment, R = Request • Adequacy: A = Adequate, I = Inadequate, x = Does not apply

18. Let’s turn to the Sequence Viewer Program