Harmonization of risk factors for childhood cancer from I4C Cohorts

1. Harmonization of risk factors for childhood cancer from I4C Cohorts Gabriella Tikellis (PhD) I4C International Data Coordinating Centre Murdoch Childrens Research Institute

2. Brief overview of progress presented at the third I4C workshop in Lyon in November, 2009 • Update on progress from November 2009 to September 2011 • Identifying common variables • Transfer of cohort data to I4C IDCC • Database management • Pooled data analysis

3. Norwegian Mother & Child Cohort Study - Norway 105,422 Danish National Birth Cohort – Denmark ALSPAC– UK 58,000 14,541 96,840 Collaborative Perinatal Project – USA Sino-US CPBDDP – China National Children’s Study – USA 245,000 100,000 Jerusalem Perinatal Study-Israel 92,408 Tasmanian Infant Health Survey – Australia 10,627

4. 3rd I4C International Workshop: Lyon, 2009 • Work initiated as part of the folate hypothesis • Prevalence of key exposure variables across five cohorts (TIHS, ALSPAC, DNBC, MoBa, BDSS-China) with folic acid data • Preliminary pooled analysis based on data from TIHS and ALSPAC to show ‘proof of principle’

5. Ecological analysis using prevalence data reported by cohorts The Prevalence of Postulated Risk Factors for Childhood Cancer among Cohorts from the International Childhood Cancer Cohort Consortium (I4C) Gabriella Tikellis1, Martha Linet2, Jean Golding3, Camilla Stoltenberg4, Mads Melbye5, China6, Anne-Louise Ponsonby1, Terence Dwyer1 • Prepared for submission to Environmental Health Perspectives • Waiting for feedback from some co-authors

6. Harmonization of variables at the I4C International Data Coordinating Centre (IDCC) • Detailed examination of questionnaires from cohorts • Document details on the type data available for factors associated with childhood cancer • Aim is to create a pooled dataset for each hypothesis or research question being examined within the I4C

7. Outcome of the harmonization work ... I4C New Cohort Protocol Support Package (NCPS)released July 2010

8. I4C New Cohort Protocol Support Package (NCPS) • Provides a support guide for the collection of key environmental exposures associated with childhood cancer • Accessed from the NIH I4C Portal at https://communities.nci.nih.gov/i4c

9. The NCPS package comprises 2 main parts: • An Excel Workbook 2) A Word document

10. NCPS:Excel Workbook • Consists of 5 spreadsheets • Prenatal • Birth • Postnatal • ‘Extra domains’ (areas not examined extensively in the cohorts; e.g. physical activity during pregnancy) • Biospecimens • Each sheet contains information on the following: • Common aspects of each core variable • Additional complementary data • Question label in Word document • Validation documentation

11. Core data: represent aspects of each specific variable that are common to at least five of the six cohorts involved in the folate work. This constitutes the minimum information that any new cohort would be required to collect to be able to pool data with the current established cohorts. • Additional complementary data: describes additional information that would complement the ‘core’ data collected. • Question label: eachvariable in the Excel spreadsheet is linked to the Word document through the Question Label code. • Validation documentation: provides references for the validation or use of the content included in each question.

12. Core items: Prenatal • Maternal vitamin supplement intake (with a focus on FA) • Maternal alcohol intake • Maternal smoking/passive smoking • Parental SES (education level, employment status, job classification/title*, marital status) • Maternal BMI at beginning of pregnancy • Previous pregnancies • Maternal exposures (cleaning products, chemicals, radiation and animals/pets) • Maternal infections during pregnancy- most heterogeneous *Standardization of job classifications currently being undertaken by I4C Environmental Working Group

13. Core items: At birth • Child’s date of birth • Gestation age • Gender • Plurality (twins, triplets etc) • Birth outcome (live born, stillborn prior to labor, stillborn during labor, neonatal death) • Congenital abnormalities • Birth anthropometrics (birth weight, length and head circumference)

14. Core items: Post natal • Maternal alcohol intake • Maternal smoking • Passive smoking (for child) • Breastfeeding • Early childhood exposures (infections, medications, childcare, products used in home)

15. Excel workbook Example of how to use the NCPS :Maternal prenatal maternal folic acid supplementation

16. Excel workbook cont.

17. NCPS: Word Document • Outlines the wording of questions pertaining to each of the items relating to childhood cancers so that they can be utilized in a study setting • Provides format for the responses based on categories generated from the pooling of data from the I4C cohorts.

18. Wording of question and response format Question label BLACK font indicates the ‘Core from Foundation cohorts’questions. BLUE fontindicates the ‘Additional complementary data’ Lengthier ‘Additional Complementary Data’ is contained in the blue shaded boxes. • Maternal folic acid and nutrient supplement use

19. Initial Requests for NCPS • Japan Environmental Child’s Study • New UK Study • New German Study • Campinas Infant Health Survey- Brazil • NINFEA-Italy

20. Progress in data transfer to IDCC

21. Additional cohort data transferred to I4C IDCC in 2011 Jerusalem Perinatal Study Collaborative Perinatal Project 1959-1966 ~58,000 live births 50 cases childhood cancer 11 cases of ALL • 1964-1976 • ~92,000 live births • 166 cases childhood cancer • 26 cases of ALL

22. September 2011 • DNBC • Dataset consisting of cancer cases (n=151, ALL=58) and random selection of cohort (10%, n=8803) transferred to IDCC • Approval for data to be used for folate proposal –complete • Approval for data to be used for BW proposal – pending • MoBa • MoBa linkage to cancer registry completed • Dataset consisting of cancer cases (n=106, ALL=33) and random selection of cohort (10%, ~10,000) - being compiled • Approval for use of data in folate and BW proposals- complete

23. Childhood cancer cases from I4C cohorts available at IDCC: Sept 2011

24. Total number of cancer cases at I4C IDCC: Sept 2011

25. Tally of available data at IDCC 361 048 - mothers and babies 183,880- live births* September, 2011 24, 690 live births November, 2009 * Includes subsample from DNBC (n=8803 live births)

26. Current hypotheses being examined within I4C (by order of commencement) • Maternal prenatal folic acid supplementation and the risk of childhood cancer (Led by Terry Dwyer, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute) 2. Paternal age and childhood cancer (Led by Jorn Olson, UCLA) 3. Birth weight and childhood cancer (Epigenetics Working Group led by Zdenko Herceg, IARC) (Environmental Birth weight Working Group led by Ora Paltiel, Hadassah Medical Organization, Israel) 4. Pesticide exposure and childhood cancer (Environmental Pesticide Working Groups led by (a)Joachim Schüz (IARC) and (b) Martha Linet, Mary Ward, NCI; Kurt Straif- IARC)

27. Establishment of I4C Working Groups • Expansion of harmonization and pooling efforts • Examine associations between 1) Birth weight and childhood cancer • Pesticide exposure

28. We have identified 22 variables that are common amongst the hypotheses

29. Parental age • Parental education • Marital status • Parental occupation • Parental/passive smoking • Alcohol consumption • Radiation exposure • Maternal prepregnancy BMI • Maternal pregnancy weight gain • Parity • Prior foetal loss • Duration of stages of labour • Delivery mode • Placental weight • Congenital abnormalities

30. Gestation age • Birth weight • Gender • Birth length • Birth order • Childhood infections/ day care attendance • Growth trajectories

31. Progress in data management

32. Web-based Data Pooling Application at IDCC(being developed by Luke Stevens)

33. Data Pooling Application • Web-based • MCRI’s secure e-Research portal • Restricted access • I4C team only • Can restrict user access at dataset level • Ongoing development

34. Data Pooling Application • Dataset summary

35. Data Pooling Application • Variable metadata • Variable name • Label • Type • Coding

36. Data Pooling Application • Select from any dataset • Select variables to download • Database joins the datasets returning a combined data file

37. Data Pooling Application • Select from any dataset • combined data file • Database joins the datasets returning a combined data file

38. Data Pooling Application • Edit or Save your query

39. Data Pooling Application • Download • Raw data file • Stats package syntax file

40. Progress in pooled data analysis

41. BW and childhood cancer: Sept 2011 • Pooled data from 4 cohorts (TIHS, ALSPAC, CPP and JPS) • Analysis based on case-cohort design • Total number of cases: • 130 Childhood cancers • 33 Leukemia • 25 ALL • Models adjusted for gestation age, gender, maternal DM, parental education (>= 12 years)

42. Results from pooled analysis... • To be presented by Ora Paltiel

43. Next steps: Birth weight • Complete the transfer of additionally requested data from ALSPAC and JPS to add additional covariates /confounders (maternal prepregnancy BMI, breastfeeding, maternal prenatal smoking) • Incorporate data from MoBa (dataset being compiled) and DNBC (waiting on approval) • Complete the cleaning and harmonization of data • Consolidate the pooled dataset with data dictionary • Begin formal analysis of pooled data from 6 cohorts

44. Next steps • Maternal prenatal folic acid supplementation • Recently received data from DNBC and pending data from MoBa to be incorporated into pooled dataset 2. Birth weight and childhood cancer • Epigenetics WG: awaiting biospecimens • Environmental WG: currently preparing pooled dataset 3. Pesticide exposure • Occupational exposure: working on standardization of job matrix • Farming exposure to pesticides: identifying cohorts with relevant data

45. Thanks to ... JPS Ora Paltiel MoBa Camilla Stoltenberg Therese Bakke DNBC Sjurdur Olsen Jorn Olsen Marin Ström • MCRI • Terry Dwyer • Anne-Louise Ponsonby • Luke Stevens • Elizabeth Williamson • NIH/NCI • Martha Linet • Somdat Mahabir • ALSPAC • Jean Golding • Kate Northstone