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European architecture. hum2461. 14 th , 15 th and 16 th centuries. Instructor: Ericka Ghersi. Events. 1415 : Henry the Navigator leads the conquest of Ceuta from the Moors marking the beginning of the Portuguese Empire .
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European architecture hum2461 14th, 15th and 16th centuries Instructor: Ericka Ghersi
Events • 1415: Henry the Navigator leads the conquest of Ceuta from the Moors marking the beginning of the Portuguese Empire. • 1429: Joan of Arc ends the Siege of Orléans and turns the tide of the Hundred Years' War. • 1438: Pachacuti found the Inca Empire.
Events • 1440–1469: Under Moctezuma I, the Aztecs become the dominant power in Mesoamerica. • 1450s: Machu Picchu constructed. • 1453: The Battle of Castillon is the last engagement of the Hundred Years' War and the first battle in European history where cannons were a major factor in deciding the battle.
Events • 1469: The marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile leads to the unification of Spain. • 1481: Spanish Inquisition begins in practice with the first auto-da-fé.
Events • 1492: Boabdil's surrender of Granada marks the end of the Spanish Reconquista and Al-Andalus. • 1492: Jews expelled from Spain. • 1494: Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas.
Architecture FRENCH ARCHITECTURE (14th, 15th, and 16th centuries)
Best expression of 14th century: NOTRE DAME DE PARIS (1163-1323)Medieval architecture
Best expression of 16th century: CHARTRES CATHEDRAL (1140-1500 CE) Medieval architecture
Architecture ITALIAN ARCHITECTURE (14th, 15th, and 16thcenturies)
Best expression of 11th and 12th centuries Piazza del Duomo
Piazza del Duomo. Leaning Tower of Pisa. • Tower of Pisa (1173) • Construction started the year 1092. • 177 years of construction. • Medieval architecture.
Best expression of 16th and 17th centuries The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter (1506-1626 CE) Renaissance and Mannerist architecture
Islamic conquest of the Christians (711-1492CE) • Muslim Arabs conquered and occupied the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years. • Moors called the territory Al Andalus(what is now Spain and Portugal) • Middle ages. Crusades. • Reconquest starts with the formation of the kingdom of Asturias by the Visigoths. • By 1249, the reconquest of Portugal was complete by the crusaders.
Historic facts • 1492: Emir Muhammad XII surrendered the Emirate of Granada to Queen Isabella I of Castile. • Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon were the Catholic Monarchs. • The cultural and social contributions under Muslim rule still persist in Al-Andalus.
Ottonian architecture (10th century) Saint Michael, Germany
Santa Maria del Naranco (848 CE) • Visigothic architecture • Belongs to the Kingdom of Asturias (North)
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Questions • When Machu Picchu was built? • In 1450 (15th century).
Questions • What civilization became powerful in Mesoamerica between 1440-1469 (15th century)? • The Aztecs.
Questions • What did Pachacuti achieve in 1438? • What civilization became powerful in Mesoamerica between 1440 and 1469? • When Machu Picchu was built?
Questions • What are the names of the Spanish monarchs that unified Spain? • What is Spanish Inquisition? • When Jews are expelled from Spain?
Architecture • In what century Notre Dame of Paris was built? • 14th century (1163-1323CE). • In what century the Tower of Pisa was built? • 11th and 12th centuries (1092-1173) 177 years. • Is there any influence in Renaissance from Muslim art? • Yes, it is. There was not empty space when decorated walls or arches (Baroque).
Architecture • How is the Mudejar style? • Symbiosis of techniques. Use of brick and tile. Geometrical patterns. • In what century the Great Mosque of Cordova was built? • 8th century. • When is the end of the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula? • Jan. 2nd , 1492 (15th century).
Architecture • How is the architecture in Spain before the Muslim Arabs? • How is the architecture in Spain through the 9th and 15th centuries? • In what century the Great Mosque of Cordova was built?
Architecture • In what century the Alhambra was built? • 13th century.