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GEM DETECTORS

GEM DETECTORS. Gas Electron Multiplier. Bat-El Pinchasik, Technion Israel. GEM detectors main element. GEM foil. Terminals. Kapton (polyimide) copper-clad on both sides. Millions of holes!. 10 cm. GAS ATMOSPHERE CO2+ Argon. CATHODE. GEM. DRIFT REGION. ANODE.

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GEM DETECTORS

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  1. GEM DETECTORS Gas Electron Multiplier Bat-El Pinchasik, Technion Israel

  2. GEM detectors main element GEM foil Terminals Kapton (polyimide) copper-clad on both sides Millions of holes! 10 cm

  3. GAS ATMOSPHERE CO2+ Argon CATHODE GEM DRIFT REGION ANODE INDUCTION REGION

  4. Field lines Electrons follow the field lines Drift field GEM foil In the holes: high density of field lines 500 volts 50μm Induction field Electrons gain energy!

  5. CATHODE Ions Simulation: Electron-Ion pair Drift field Top GEM Bottom Electrons are shared between bottom GEM and anode Induction field Gain of the detector ANODE

  6. Advantages

  7. Standard GEM 72µm • First invented in 1998 • Double conical geometry • Used already in several • experiments 40µm Conical GEM Recent development! copper 98.9µm • Easy to produce • larger detectors • low cost per area kapton 42.5µm copper

  8. Glance from above Standard GEM Internal & External diameter 140 µm 140 µm Conical GEM- Top Conical GEM-Bottom Larger diameter smaller diameter

  9. See the difference Large conical GEM foil 60 cm 10 X 10 cm Does a conical GEM have the same characteristics?

  10. GAS ATMOSPHERE CO2+ Argon CATHODE Voltage over the GEM Drift field ANODE Induction field Anode current

  11. Drift field scan GEM voltage: 500 volts E induction: 3 (kv/cm) plateau Recombination Electrons end up in Top GEM

  12. Gain vs. GEM voltage Integration over distance Gain α Townsend coefficient Field & gas properties Gain of the detector Log scale E induction: 3kv/cm E drift: 2 kv/cm Gem voltage (volt)

  13. Induction scan Electrons distribution I anode (normalized) E induction (volt/cm)

  14. Conclusions

  15. Current applications LHCB muon And the future?

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