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I. Prokaryotes

I. Prokaryotes. Bacilli. Cocci. Spirilla. A. Characteristics of Bacteria. Unicellular - only one cell Prokaryotic - lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. 3. Form. Bacillus - rod shaped Spirilla - spiral shaped Cocci - spherical. 4. Nutrition.

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I. Prokaryotes

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  1. I. Prokaryotes Bacilli Cocci Spirilla

  2. A. Characteristics of Bacteria • Unicellular- only one cell • Prokaryotic- lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

  3. 3. Form • Bacillus- rod shaped • Spirilla- spiral shaped • Cocci- spherical

  4. 4. Nutrition • Autotrophs- carry on photosynthesis (cyanobacteria: Blue-green algae) • Chemotrophs- use compounds of methane, sulfur and iron to produce energy (Some members of the Archaea Domain) • Heterotrophs- both saprophytes (decay dead organisms and wastes) and parasites (live off of other living things). Most Eubacteria

  5. 5. Movement • gliding on slime • twisting in a corkscrew fashion • Flagella • some don't move

  6. 6. Ecological Roles • Decomposers- decay dead things • Pathogens- cause disease

  7. 7. Distribution Everywhere

  8. Lab Conclusion: • Where did you expose your petri dish? • Why did you think there would be bacteria present there? • Was bacteria present? • What are the conditions most favorable for bacteria growth. • Where can we conclude bacteria lives?

  9. 8. Respiration • Obligated aerobes- must have oxygen to survive • Obligated anaerobes- cannot tolerate oxygen • Facultative anaerobes- can use fermentation in the absence of oxygen

  10. 9. Reproduction • Binary Fission- asexual cell division • Conjugation- exchange of a plasmid through a cytoplasmic extension called a sex pili • Transduction- bacteria viruses called phages can transfer genetic material from one bacterium to another • Transformation- transfer of naked DNA from the environment to a live bacteria

  11. B. Structure of Bacteria * * * *

  12. C. How Bacteria Affect Other Organisms

  13. 1. Helpful Bacteria • Bacteria in the intestine help digest food • Bacteria help in production of cheese, yogurt, sour cream, pickles, and sauerkraut. • Bacteria decompose dead organisms • Some bacteria help plants by Nitrogen Fixation

  14. 2. Harmful Bacteria • 5% of bacteria are Pathogens - disease causing organisms • Disease is caused by attacking cells directly or the production of toxins- poisons

  15. 3. Protection against bacteria • Antibiotics- chemicals produced by fungus that inhibit bacterial growth or kill the bacteria. • Penicillin- first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Flemming in 1929.

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