Cells! Who wants some?!

1. Cells! Who wants some?! Not that type, but this kind… A cell is the basic unit of life

2. Animal Cell

3. Nucleus • Control Center • Contains nearly all DNA – instructions for making proteins and other important molecules • Surrounded by nuclear envelope/membrane • Dotted with nuclear pores = stuff in and out • Key processes: Controls metabolism of cell, control Cell division, proteinsynthesis

4. Chromosome • (The Data) … all the directions • (DNA)

5. Nucleolus • Nucleolus – small dense region inside nucleus. Ribosomes are made here.

6. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Transportation • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) • Covered in ribosomes (rough) • Makes and transports proteins, especially membrane proteins • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) • Synthesis (make) of membrane lipids • Contain enzymes that can detoxification of drugs – Liver has lots of SER’s Notice how the E.R. is attached to the nucleus …. Like the ‘hallways’

8. Smooth and Rough ER Key process: Transportation of molecules

9. Ribosomes! • Protein Factory • Proteins are assembled on these organelles by following coded instructions from the nucleus Key process: Proteinsynthesis

10. review! Nuclear Envelope Nuclear Pores ER Nucleus Ribosomes

11. Golgi Apparatus • Packaging Center • Modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage or secretion.

12. Key processes: Packaging and sorting of proteins http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/vesiclebudding.html http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp04/0402002.html

13. Mitochondria • Power House • Convert chemical energy stored in food to a form a cell can use (ATP) during the process of cellular respiration. • Contain own ‘Mitochondrial DNA’ • Has double membrane Key process: Cellular respiration C6H12O6 + O2 H2O +CO2 + ATP

14. Mitochondria/Chloroplasts (only in plant cells) • These two utilize energy from food and the sun respectively and convert it into energy the cell can use.

15. Cytoskeleton Process = support • Cell Framework • A network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape

16. Vacuoles • Storage Facility • Plants have big vacuoles, animal cells many small vacuoles. • Store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates • In plants, there is a large vacuole which helps with maintaining pressure (turgor pressure) • Allows plant to support heavy loads like leaves and branches

17. Lysosome • Waste Management • In animal cells ONLY • Have enzymes used to break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins • breaking down old organelles – even old cells can be broken down in a process called autolysis. • Sometimes called suicide sacs. Process - Digestion

18. Cell boundaries aka cell membrane • Cell membrane regulates what enters/leaves the cell. Process - Osmosis

19. 2 Layers of phosholipids studded with proteins = “fluid mosaic model” http://www.susanahalpine.com/anim/Life/memb.htm

20. Centrioles Only in animal cells. Plays a role during cell division. Assist in the making of cilia and flagella. Process – Cell division

21. Come on baby let’s do the locomotion…… • Flagella • Cilia