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Chao Phraya river basin

This article discusses the sustainability vision, baseline analysis, and action plan for the Chao Phraya River Basin in Thailand. Key issues such as water scarcity, pollution, and deforestation are addressed, and stakeholders and important flows are identified. Short-term and long-term actions are proposed to improve water quality and quantity, secure food supply, and enhance stakeholder collaboration.

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Chao Phraya river basin

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  1. Chao Phraya river basin Matthias Bethlehem Jan Fliervoet Irenee Sicard

  2. Context • Introduction • Sustainability vision • Baseline analysis • Action plan • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • Chao Phraya river basin • catchment area: 160.000km² • entirely located in Thailand • drains into the Gulf of Thailand/Pacific ocean • consists of 8 sub-basins • four large tributaries (Ping, Wang, Yom, Nan) • Bangkok is located near the mouth • (>8M inhabitants) • Chiang Mai (2nd largest city) is located at the • upper part of the basin

  4. Water related issues • Water scarcity and/or water allocation • High variation in rainfall due to Monsoon climate • Floods • Organic and bacterial pollution • Heavy industrial and domestic pollution in the Delta parts • Decreasing groundwater level and pollution (salinity due to the intrusion of sodium and chloride) • Deforestation and its conversion to agricultural use in the upper parts • Soil erosion • Equitability among stakeholders • Sustainability for the basin’s aquatic environment • Enable navigation even in dry season • Water for energy purposes • Water for industrial purposes • Water for cities

  5. Sutainability vision • Sustainable society • Awareness • Strong leadership • People are not subject to conditions that systematically undermine their capacity to meet their needs. • Sustainable river • System thinking, including cycles of nature • Decentralization of water management • Decrease concentrations of substances extracted from the Earth’s crust. • Decrease concentrations of substances produced by society. • Decrease degradation by physical means.

  6. Determine important stakeholders • Electricity Generation Authority of Thailand (EGAT) • Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE) • Provincial Waterworks Authority (PWA) • Farmers • Industry

  7. Determine flows

  8. SC - Analysis • SC 1: nature is not subject to systematically increasing concentrations of substances extracted from the Earth’s crust Negative aspects: • Fast extraction of groundwater Positive apects: • no fossil fuels extracted

  9. SC - Analysis • SC 2: nature is not subject to systematically increasing concentrations of substances produced by society Negative aspects: • Agricultural, industrial, and domestic waste • Navigation

  10. SC - Analysis • SC 3: nature is not subject to systematically increasing degradation by physical means. Negative aspects: • Deforestation (upper areas) • Natural river flow Positive apects: • Ecosystem diveristy is still available.

  11. SC - Analysis • SC 4: In that society people are not subject to conditions that systematically undermine their capacity to meet their needs. Negative aspects: • Not equally distribution of resources and economic wealth Positive aspects: • Economic development

  12. Key areas • Improvement of the surface water quality and quantity. • Urban areas • Rural areas

  13. Action plan 3 short-term actions • Build watertreatment plants (in the cities) • Semi-flexible • Improve water quality • Improvement of water infrastructure in the cities. • Semi-flexible • Improve water quantity • Increase forestation • Flexible • Reduce soil erosion, improve water quality and quantity

  14. Action plan 3 long-term actions • Adapt land-use (use less water for agricultural activities) • Flexible • Secure food supply • Agricultural sector • Reduce use of groundwater resources by increase of water infrastructure in the whole basin. • Flexible • Less independent on groundwater resources • The industrial, domestic and agricultural stakeholders. • Install water pricing for irrigation (Payment for Ecosystem Services PES) • Flexible • Improvement of water quality and quantity • Agricultural stakeholders.

  15. Conclusion • Improve education and communication between stakeholders. • More awareness about water related problems

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