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Chapter 19 – Global Exploration

This chapter explores Europe's motives, means, and success in global exploration between 1415 and 1635. It delves into the maritime empires of Portugal, Spain, France, and the Netherlands, as well as the impact of trade with Native Americans. The chapter also discusses the Columbian Exchange and its consequences.

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Chapter 19 – Global Exploration

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  1. Chapter 19 – Global Exploration

  2. I. Age of Exploration A. Europe enters Trade 1. Motives • Economic – search for silks, spices and other goods • Religious – Spanish Reconquista – take colonial possessions before Muslims could gain influence 2. Means • Resources – Stable government/monarchy & $$ • Technology – Portolini (navigation maps), compass, astrolabe, knowledge of wind patterns

  3. Portuguese Maritime Empire A. Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) • Wanted to find a mythical Christian Kingdom in Africa to ally against Muslims • Acquire new trade opportunities • Extend the influence of Christianity B. India and Vasco da Gama • original goal of da Gama’s mission was to destroy the Muslim monopoly over the Spice Trade (economic) • 1497 sails around Cape of Good Hope in Africa Success = military superiority & seamanship

  4. Global Exploration 1415 – 1522 C.E.

  5. Flow of Commerce in Portuguese World 1600

  6. III. Lure of Discovery A. Spain Success = naval superiority, military strength & religious zeal Spanish Model: • crown maintained control over colonies • most colonists were male (intermarried) • wealth based on exploitation of native population and slaves (not African) • system of economienda (service to the local Spanish governors) 1592 Slave Laws – Catholic Church convinces Crown to outlaw the use of the Native population as slaves http://www.history.com/search.do?searchText=columbus Link for History Channel information on Christopher Columbus

  7. B. France (1534-1635) 1. North America – 1534 Cartier (fur trade) 2. Caribbean – Haiti – SUGAR (becomes most important) C. English Attempts 1. Roanoke, VA (Sir Walter Raleigh), 1585 2. East India Company 1591 (India)

  8. English in North America French Exploration in Americas

  9. D. Dutch Overseas Empire 1. Dutch East India Company 1602 designed to breakup Portuguese monopoly 2. 1621 Dutch West India Company (WIC) – Caribbean & North America New Amsterdam (New York) – Fur Trade Curacao (Caribbean – slave trade, pirating, cacao trade) Trade with Native Americans in North America: Creates problems for French & English and a mini arms race among Native Americans in the Northeast for furs. In exchange for beaver pelts – guns, gun powder, steel headed tomahawks & alcohol!

  10. Dutch Atlantic Empire

  11. Related Links for European Exploration: http://www.nps.gov/seac/outline/07-exploration/index.htm http://www.pbs.org/gunsgermssteel/variables/steel.html PBS Link for Guns Germs & Steel The Columbian Exchange: http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nattrans/ntecoindian/essays/columbian.htm Link to national Geographic Columbian Exchange Please read this link – you are responsible for this information on your quiz!

  12. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgnmT-Y_rGQ&feature=PlayList&p=45D4733CA0074584&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=5http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgnmT-Y_rGQ&feature=PlayList&p=45D4733CA0074584&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=5 Link to Guns Germs Steel Please watch this link on YouTube, parts 1 - the first part of 13 (Episodes 1 and 2). This really summarizes much of what you’ve learned about pre-history and early civilization in this semester and leads into modern history. It is an interesting theory that is posed in this book/video and is debated very much in history.

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