Zodiac Signs vs. Introversion or Extroversion

1. Zodiac Signs vs. Introversion or Extroversion By Caroline Cassidy and Paul Garbis Mr. Selvaag, Hour 5, 2018

2. Research Question Is there an association between a person’s zodiac sign and whether they identify as an extrovert or introvert?

3. Introduction Astrology is the study of constellations and their effect on events in human history and how cyclical patterns of planets mark important points in life. On a more basic note, however, they can also be applied to individuals characteristics of people. We are interested in if these horoscopes have any association with if a person thinks of themselves as an extrovert (outgoing, impulsive, and social) or as an introvert (independent, reflective, and calculated). Here’s what we found out!

4. Data Collection To collect our data we: • Created a google form with two questions, extrovert or introvert and zodiac sign. We provided the birth dates of zodiac signs so there wouldn’t be any confusion. • Shared our form on different social media accounts like Instagram and Facebook to an audience of Washburn students • We then compiled the data we received into a table on google sheets.

5. Raw Data Above is the raw data we collected through our poll.

6. Graph of Data Initially, we observed that for the most part, the difference between extroversion and introversion was between zero and one. However, for a few of the signs, there were more dramatic differences.

7. Proportions of Introversion vs. Extroversion and Zodiac Signs Introversion vs. Extroversion Zodiac Sign Representation

8. Significance Test To answer our research question, we will use a chi-squared test of association/ independence since we have one population, but two categorical variables, zodiac sign and introversion or extroversion.

9. Parameters and Hypotheses Parameter: We are interested in if there is an association between a person’s zodiac sign and whether a person identifies as an extrovert or introvert. Hypotheses: H0= There is no association between a person’s zodiac sign and whether a person identifies as an extrovert or introvert. Ha= There is an association between a person’s zodiac sign and whether a person identifies as an extrovert or introvert.

10. Assumptions Random: We had a randomized experiment since we shared our post on social media sites like facebook and instagram to a random group of Washburn students who voluntarily took our poll. Independent: 10% condition: 1/10N⋜n → 1600×1/10=160 (191 is greater by 31) Normal: All expected ⋝5 (close enough)

11. Name and Test Name: Chi-Square Test of Association/Independence df= (r-1)(c-1) Expected Values

12. Test Continued We performed a chi-squared test of association to see if there was a relationship between the two variables. df= 11 (7-5.9)^2 /5.9)+(10-7.8)^2 /7.8)+(7-9.6)^2 /9.6)...(17-15.1)^2 /15.1)+(4-4.2)^2 /4.3) After our test we calculated a chi-squared value of 8.109

13. Curve

14. Obtain P-Value, M Obtain P-Value: .25 < p-value Make Decision: Because the p-value is not significant at the a=.05 level, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. State Conclusion: There is not strong evidence that there is an association between zodiac sign and extroversion vs. Introversion.

15. Bias and Error Points of Potential Collection Error: • Limited to Washburn Students • Students could have put in false information

16. Final Summary of Project In reference to our original question: Is there an association between a person’s zodiac sign and whether they identify as an extrovert or introvert? We found that there is no association between the two variables. There were limiting variables like volunteer bias, since it was up to the participants to take our poll, and we didn’t have a very large sample size so more participants could have helped provide more accurate data. In the future we would expand our audience and participants to more high schools in the school districts, or maybe more types of audiences in general.