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上海建桥学院大学英语制作. Unit Eight. Fable of the Lazy Teenager. Content. Background Information Warm-up Activity Text organization Sentence study Words and Phrases. Background Information. Adam Smith (1723~1790): British philosopher and economist
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Unit Eight Fable of the Lazy Teenager
Content • Background Information • Warm-up Activity • Text organization • Sentence study • Words and Phrases
Background Information Adam Smith (1723~1790): British philosopher and economist He is considered the father of modern economic theory. The Wealth of Nations: an important work by Adam Smith. In it he analyzed the relationship between work and the production of a nation’s wealth. His conclusion was that the best economic situation results from encouraging free enterprise. An invisible hand that naturally guides a society through self-interest.
U.C.L.A. stands for University of California at Los Angeles. It is the largest of eight branches of the University of California. It was established in 1919 and now has about 35,000 students. Maybe because of its location close to Hollywood, the school is known especially for its film studies and the campus is used for some television and movie shoots.
Warm-up Activity Divide the class into two groups to discuss about the problems of American and Chinese education separately and ask one representative of each group to present their opinions.
Text organization This text could be mainly divided into two parts as follows: Part One (Paras. 1-10): beginning with an anecdote Part Two (Paras. 11-24): main body with a fable
Sentence study 1. No modestly educated adult can fail to be upset by such an experience. (Para 6) Paraphrase: Any adult who has got average education will feel worried and unhappy about the ignorance the girl shows.
Sentence study 2. The ability to perform even the simplest calculations is only a memory among many students I see, and their knowledge of world history or geography is nonexistent. (Para 7) Translation: 在我所见过的许多学生中，再也没有过去学生都有的哪怕是进行最简单的计算的能力，他们对世界历史和地理都一无所知。
Sentence study 3. To drive this message home to such young Americans, I have a humble suggestion: a movie, or TV series, dramatizing just how difficult it was for this country to get where it is — and how easily it could all be lost. (Para 10) Translation: 为使这样的美国青年彻底认识到这一点，本人的愚见是：拍一部电影，或电视连续剧，生动地描述我们国家的今天如何来之不易——而要丧失这一切又何其容易。
Sentence study 4. The man explains to Kevin that when a man has no money, education can supply the human capital necessary to start to acquire financial capital. (Para 20) Translation: 那人跟凯文解释说，如果一个人没有钱，教育能提供积累金融资本所必需的人力资本。
Words and Phrases • affect: vt. • 1) = have an influence on; influence • e.g. More than seven million people have been affected by the drought. • 2) = cause feelings of sorrow, anger, love, etc, in (sb.); touch, move • e.g. Martin Luther King’s speech deeply affected the audience.
辨析: affect , effect & influence affect , effect & influence均有表示“影响”之意， 其中affect 仅作动词； effect 表示“影响”之意，仅作名词； influence动词和名词均可。 “对…产生影响” ：affect; influence; have an effect/influence on e.g. What mother said deeply affected/influenced me. What mother said had a deep effect/influence on me. 注意：effect也可作动词，意为“实现，产生” =make sth. happen e.g. He effected several important changes.
Words and Phrases 2. function: vi. operate; act 运转，起作用 e.g. The machine won’t function well if you don’t oil it. e.g. Athens functioned as a center of trade in the thirteenth century. n.a usual purpose (of a thing) or special duty (of a person) 作用，功能，职能 e.g. fulfill/perform a useful function 起有益的作用 e.g. The function of an adjective is to describe or add to the meaning of a noun. functional adj. 1) practical and useful 实用的 2）having a special purpose 作用的，功能的，职能的
Words and Phrases 3. luxury: n. 1) [C] a pleasant thing that is expensive, but not necessary e.g. We can’t afford to spend money on luxuries. 2) [U] great comfort, as provided by wealth e.g. She was brought up in an atmosphere of luxury and wealth. Collocation： enjoy (a) luxury 享受 afford a luxury 买得起奢侈品 luxuriousadj.豪华的，奢侈的 luxuriant adj. 1) （植物或头发）茂盛的，浓密的 2）（艺术或氛围）丰富的 luxuriatev.~ in sth.尽情享受 e.g. She luxuriated in all the attention she received.
Words and Phrases 4. scared: adj. =frightened (often followed by of / to / that-clause) e.g. They’re scared of making a fool of themselves. e.g. I’m scared to fly in a plane. I’m scared that it might crash. e.g. When the lady saw the snake, she was hardly scared to death. scare v.=frighten n.
Words and Phrases 5. decline: n.a gradual decrease in the quality, quantity, or importance of sth. (followed by in/of ) e.g. Some people are worried that there will be a great decline in the stock market. Collocation： fall / sink into a decline 开始衰落, 衰弱下去； v.1) become smaller, fewer, weaker, etc. e.g. The health of the old man was declining rapidly. 2) refuse politely e.g. When he asked me to dance, I declined politely.
Words and Phrases 6. discipline n.1) 训练 =training e.g. It takes years of discipline to become a pianist. 2) 纪律 e.g. The teacher keeps good discipline in class. 3) 自制力，约束= the ability to control one’s behavior; self-discipline e.g. He’ll never get anywhere– he’s got no discipline. v. 1）惩罚，处罚=punish e.g. The boy was disciplined for stealing. 2) 训练= train e.g. The best way of disciplining the child is to let him practice more. 3) discipline oneself 自我控制，严格要求（自己） e.g. Dieting is a matter of disciplining yourself.
Translate “discipline” in different part of the text: (Para. 19) Without education, without discipline, he cannot earn an adequate living wage. ( “训练”) (Para. 20) Hard work, education, saving and discipline can do anything. ( “纪律”) (Para. 21) Kevin 2050 swears that if he ever has children, he will make sure they work and study and learn and discipline themselves. ( “约束”)
Words and Phrases 7. faculty: n. 1) mental and physical abilities e.g. For a woman of 85, she still has all her faculties. 2) all the teachers of a university or college e.g. After seven years of study, he succeeded in joining the faculty of Columbia University.
Words and Phrases 8. run out of: =use up or finish a supply of (sth.) e.g. To our disappointment, our car ran out of gas halfway home.
Words and Phrases 9. sum up: = give a brief summary (of sth.) e.g. My teacher would sum up the main points of the lesson before he ended the class.
Words and Phrases 10. break down: 1) stop working e.g. It The elevators in this building are always breaking down. 2) fail e.g. Talks between the two countries broke down when the two sides failed to reach an agreement. 3) destroy; reduce or be reduced to pieces e.g. They broke the door down.
Words and Phrases 11. drive sth. home (to sb.) = make (sth.) clear so that people understand it e.g. We must drive home to him where the difficulties lie. e.g. His parents tried to drive home to him the importance of hard work.
Words and Phrases 12. better off: =richer than you were before; more comfortable e.g. Nowadays Chinese people are better off than they used to be.
Words and Phrases 13. make a living by: = earn money by (doing sth.) e.g. Many farmers in this area make a good living by growing flowers. e.g. He makes a living by writing.
