Cosmetic Surgery

1. Cosmetic Surgery

2. Definitions • Plastic Surgery: • - A medical specialty that uses a number of surgical and nonsurgical techniques to change the appearance and function of a person's body. • - the subspecialty dedicated to the surgical repair of defects of form or function -- this includes cosmetic (or aesthetic) surgery, as well as reconstructive surgery. • (recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties)

3. Definitions • Cosmetic Surgery: • - refers to surgery that is designed to improve cosmetics, or appearance. • - enhances natural beauty. Skin, fat, and muscle are surgically removed, repositioned, reshaped, and/or tightened to rejuvenate, enhance, improve appearance, and balance body proportions.

4. Types of Cosmetic Surgery • * Abdominoplasty (or "tummy tuck"): reshaping and firming of the abdomen • * Blepharoplasty (or "eyelid surgery"): Reshaping of the eyelids or the application of permanent eyeliner • * Mammoplasty • - Breast augmentation (or "breast enlargement" or "boob job"): Augmentation of the breasts. This can involve either saline or silicone gel prosthetics. • - Breast reduction: Removal of skin and glandular tissue. Indicated to reduce back and shoulder pain or for psychological benefit in women with macromastia. • - Breast lift (Mastopexy): Lifting or reshaping of breasts to make them less saggy, often after weight loss (after a pregnancy, for example). It involves removal of breast skin as opposed to glandular tissue.

5. Types of Cosmetic Surgery • * Buttock Augmentation (or "butt augmentation" or "butt implants"): Enhancement of the buttocks. This procedure can be performed by using silicone implants or fat grafting and transfer from other areas of the body. • * Chemical peel: Minimizing the appearance of acne, pock, and other scars as well as wrinkles (depending on concentration and type of agent used, except for deep furrows), solar lentigines (age spots, freckles), and photodamage in general. Chemical peels commonly involve carbolic acid (Phenol), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), glycolic acid (AHA), or salicylic acid (BHA) as the active agent. • * Labiaplasty: Surgical reduction and reshaping of the labia • * Rhinoplasty (or "nose job"): Reshaping of the nose

6. Types of Cosmetic Surgery • * Otoplasty (or ear surgery): Reshaping of the ear • * Rhytidectomy (or "face lift"): Removal of wrinkles and signs of aging from the face • * Suction-Assisted Lipectomy (or liposuction): Removal of fat from the body • * Chin augmentation: Augmentation of the chin with an implant (e.g. silicone) or by sliding genioplasty of the jawbone.

7. WHY?? • Basic reasons: • To become beautiful / enhance one’s beauty • Increase self confidence / self esteem • Fad

9. Quick Facts 2007 • From 2006-2007, there was a 2% increase in the total number of cosmetic procedures. Surgical procedures increased by 8%, and nonsurgical procedures increased by 1 percent. • Since 1997, there has been a 457% increase in the total number of cosmetic procedures. Surgical procedures increased by 114%, and nonsurgical procedures increased by 754%. • The top five surgical cosmetic procedures in 2007 were: liposuction (456,828 procedures); breast augmentation (399,440 procedures); eyelid surgery (240,763 procedures); abdominoplasty (185,335 procedures); and breast reduction (153,087 procedures). • The top five nonsurgical cosmetic procedures in 2007 were: Botox injection (2,775,176 procedures); hyaluronic acid (1,448,716 procedures); laser hair removal (1,412,657 procedures); microdermabrasion (829,658 procedures); and IPL laser treatment (647,707 procedures). • Women had nearly 10.6 million cosmetic procedures, 91% of the total. The number of cosmetic procedures for women increased 1% from 2006. • Men had nearly 1.1 million cosmetic procedures, 9% of the total. The number of cosmetic procedures for men increased 17% from 2006. • Implants for young women under the age of 18 have tripled in the last five years. • Americans spent just under $13.2 billion on cosmetic procedures last year (2006).

10. Risks of Cosmetic Surgery • Infection of area worked on and a general infection of the body if smaller infections are not cared for properly • Embolism may occur when fat is loosened and enters the blood through blood vessels ruptured (broken) during liposuction. • Skin death or "necrosis"

11. Risks of Cosmetic Surgery • Loss of sensation on any part that is cut / removed (when the flesh is cut / removed, nerve endings are also cut) • Auto immune like symptoms are also present in some women who have received implants • Opposite results (for those who were fooled by fake doctors) • Fetus death (example from TV Patrol) • Death (at least 3 deaths in every 100,000 procedures can be seen)

12. Moral or Immoral? • Changing one’s appearance isn’t, in general, immoral. People change the color of their hair, whiten their teeth, women put on make-up, and the like are some of the things people do to feel good about themselves. But when people cross the line, cosmetic surgery becomes immoral. Here are some of the reasons that make cosmetic surgery immoral:

13. When is it Immoral? • When a person is being coerced to have procedure (by parents, husband, etc) and the doctor/s is/are aware of this but performs regardless. • When it is done to avoid justice or other deceptive reason (ie Pt is a fugetive and wanting to disguise his looks to evade police). • When it is against the patient's best interest (they're unhealthy and not fit for major surgery) and the doctor/s is/are aware but performs anyway. • When an underage patient is getting a breast augmentation. (For crying out loud, they’re still developing!) • After numerous surgeries on one part (ie nose) and the patient is still not satisfied. • Patients that finance their surgeries while being unable to afford basics for their family--good nutrition, health care, school supplies, safe housing, etc. • When it becomes an obsession.

14. Always remember… • Cosmetic surgery deals in improvement--not in perfection.