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Unit 3 Study Guide: Ancient Egypt

Unit 3 Study Guide: Ancient Egypt. Test is on Wednesday!. Ancient Egypt. Located along the Nile River Lasted from 3200-30 B.C. The Nile River often flooded, leaving silt . This made the land very fertile and led to food surplus. The Nile River. The longest river in the world

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Unit 3 Study Guide: Ancient Egypt

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  1. Unit 3 Study Guide:Ancient Egypt Test is on Wednesday!

  2. Ancient Egypt • Located along the Nile River • Lasted from 3200-30 B.C. • The Nile River often flooded, leaving silt. This made the land very fertile and led to food surplus

  3. The Nile River • The longest river in the world • Over 4,000 miles long • The only major river in the world that flows north • Empties into the Mediterranean Sea • Forms the Nile River Delta, very fertile land

  4. Explain how each of these geographic features impacted ancient Egypt: • Nile River • Flooded each summer, leaving behind silt. This was great for growing crops • This is why cities were centered along the Nile River (this is where the food was) • The Nile River was a highway and allowed for transportation from town to town

  5. Explain how each of these geographic features impacted ancient Egypt: • Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea • Protected Egypt from invaders • Salt water- humans could not drink or use to water crops • Sahara Desert • Protected Egypt from invaders • Without the Nile River, Egypt would be lifeless • Cataracts • Strong river rapids that made travel along the Nile River difficult. Found in Upper Egypt

  6. List Egypt’s main EXPORTS. • Export: An object that is sold or sent to another place • Import: An object that is bought or taken in • Egypt’s main exports: • Wheat • Barley • Papyrus • Linen (Cloth)

  7. Why was trading important to the Ancient Egyptian economy? • Egypt could trade what they had a surplus of and get items that they did not have • Make sure you know what items Egypt exported and imported

  8. Who did Egypt trade with? • Lebanon -> Wood (cypress and cedar) • Nubia -> Wood • Gold • Sinai -> Copper • Afghanistan -> Lapis lazuil (precious gems and jewelry) • Punt -> Incense

  9. Early Egyptian Life • Originally two kingdoms developed along the Nile: • Lower Egypt • Northern Nile • Good farmland • Copper mines in Sinai Peninsula • Upper Egypt • Southern Nile • Ruler named Menes • Conquered Lower Egypt, which led to unification • In 3100 BC Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt unified, forming one kingdom • The capital was built at Memphis Menes unified the two Kingdoms

  10. Why were pharaoh’s able to hold so much power in ancient Egypt? • The people of Egypt believed that the pharaoh was chosen by the gods to lead the people • The pharaoh was worshipped as a god

  11. Why should each of the pharaohs below be remembered? • Hatshepsut • First female ruler in Egypt and the world • Promoted trade and expanded Egypt’s wealth • Thutmose III • Strengthened Egypt’s military and expanded Egypt’s empire • Increased literature, art, and architecture • Akhenaten • Changed Egyptian religion from polytheism to monotheism. After he died, Egyptians went back to polytheism

  12. Social Pyramid • Pharaoh- King, leader. • Government Officials/Priests- Collected taxes and constructing public buildings. Priests led religious ceremonies. • Soldiers/Scribes- Soldiers defended Egypt from enemies. Scribes recorded court cases and tax records. • Merchants/Craftsmen- Built tools and traded • Farmers/Slaves- Responsible for planting and harvesting the food for the people of Egypt. Slaves had to do hard labor.

  13. Why did the Egyptians mummify the dead? • To prepare the body for the afterlife in the Underworld. • They buried the dead with objects that could be taken to the afterlife with them

  14. Polytheistic vs. Monotheistic • Polytheism- The belief in many gods. • Ancient Egyptians were polytheistic • Hindus, Ancient Greece • Monotheism- The belief in a singular god. • Christianity, Islam, Judaism

  15. 6) Lower Egypt • Although to the north, it was called Lower Egypt because of the low-lying land that formed the Nile River Delta

  16. 7) Upper Egypt • Called Upper Egypt because it is upstream of the Nile River Delta and the land is more elevated • The Nile is hard to travel in Upper Egypt because of cataracts (rapids)

  17. MSL Test Question • The method of farming for ancient Egyptians followed a pattern of flood, plant, harvest, flood, plant, harvest. This repetition of behavior leads us to understand that the yearly flooding timetable for the Nile River must be: • A) Irregular • B) Regular • C) Unknown • D) Unpredictable

  18. What does a steady food supply lead to?

  19. What was papyrus used for?

  20. Why did the Egyptians build irrigation systems?

  21. Homework Tonight! • Monday Night Football • Cheer for the Panthers! • Complete your study guide!

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