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Stéphane Brabant, Partner, Herbert Smith LLP MineAfrica – London - 26 September, 2011

Mining in Africa: role of lawyers to reconcile a huge potential geology and some significant political risks. Stéphane Brabant, Partner, Herbert Smith LLP MineAfrica – London - 26 September, 2011. Mining potential. Selected minerals: Phosphates Iron ore Potash Gold Uranium Bauxite

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Stéphane Brabant, Partner, Herbert Smith LLP MineAfrica – London - 26 September, 2011

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  1. Mining in Africa: role of lawyers to reconcile a huge potential geology and some significant political risks Stéphane Brabant, Partner, Herbert Smith LLP MineAfrica – London - 26 September, 2011

  2. Mining potential Selected minerals: Phosphates Iron ore Potash Gold Uranium Bauxite Copper Source: Atlas de l’Afrique

  3. Top 100 countries Area in square kilometers, Percentage of World Total Sources: Britannica, Wikipedia, Almanac 2010 The true size of Africa NETHERLANDS BELGIUM PORTUGAL SWITZERLAND FRANCE GERMANY SPAIN ITALY EASTERN EUROPE UNITED STATES INDIA INDIA Part 2 CHINA CHINA PART 2 UK A small contribution in the fight against rampant immappancy, by Kai Krause JAPAN

  4. Africa toward political changes, democracy and governance • Territorial Conflicts: • Occidental Sahara – Morocco • Ethiopia-Eritrea • Eritrea • Civil War: • Central African Republic • Democratic Republic of Congo • Ivory Coast • Senegal • Somalia • Soudan • Civil unrest: • Tunisie • Libye • Egypte • Transitional Countries: • Guinea • Kenya • Madagascar • Niger • Zimbabwe Tunisia Morocco Algeria Libya Egypt Mauritania Mali Niger Chad Senegal Eritrea Soudan Gambia Burkina Faso Guinea-Bissau Guinea Nigeria Somalia Sierra Leone Ivory Coast Ethiopia Central African Republic Liberia Cameroun Benin Uganda Congo Togo Kenya Rwanda Gabon Ghana DRC Burundi Tanzania Seychelles Comoros Zambia Angola Malawi Mozambique Zimbabwe Namibia Madagascar Botswana Swaziland Lesotho South African Source : Groupe Jeune Afrique « L’Etat de l’Afrique 2011 »

  5. International mining lawyers: • build secure projects on the long term • or « bankable » projects

  6. To comply with all local legislation from scratch taking into account local environment NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEMSCommon law and civil law traditions Two legal systems in Africa(sometimes complemented by Islamic law or customary law) Systems based on civil law principles French legal system (Napoleonic Code) Portuguese, Spanish and Italian legal systems (largely based on Roman law) Systems based on common law principles Mixed civil law / common law based systems

  7. To provide for Stability and Arbitration provisions

  8. To comply with ALL most demanding new and evolving principles of international law: • The Social License to Operate and John Ruggie’s Framework (Protect/Respect and Remedy) and Guiding Principles including Guidance for negotiators (Human rights including Environment, expropriation/relocation, health, safety, education)

  9. Protection of Investors may not go without Protection of Human Rights “Life of Energy Practitioners has become much more demanding… and a competent counsel can no longer afford to neglect relevant international Soft Law” Thomas Wälde

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