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Toxocara canis

Toxocara canis . By Melissa Greco & Kelly Rueckert. Geography. Order: Ascaridida Family: Toxocarida Genus: Toxocara Species: T. canis Geography: Worldwide . Morphology. Both males and females have three prominent lips Each lip has a dentigerous (teeth bearing) ridge

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Toxocara canis

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  1. Toxocara canis By Melissa Greco & Kelly Rueckert

  2. Geography Order: Ascaridida • Family: Toxocarida • Genus: Toxocara • Species: T. canis • Geography: Worldwide

  3. Morphology • Both males and females have three prominent lips • Each lip has a dentigerous (teeth bearing) ridge • Eggs are 75-90 micrometers • embryonated when laid • Have pits • Very resistant to various weather and chemical conditions • Males: • 4-6 cm long • Females: • 6.5 cm long • can be as long as 15 cm • The vulva is about one-third the body length • The uteri can contain up to 27 million eggs at a time.

  4. Toxocara Morphology • Toxocara egg • Larvated eggs

  5. Toxocara canis • Larvae

  6. Toxocara canis • Adults

  7. Transmission • Humans become infected by ingesting infective eggs, often due to close contact with puppies or from egg infected with soil • Transuterine transmission • puppy can get from mother during pregnancy or from mother’s milk.

  8. Hosts • Definitive host: Dog or other canid • Paratenic hosts: mice, rabbits, and monkeys • Accidental host: Humans

  9. Other species • Toxocara cati • Very similar to Toxocara canis • One of the most common felinehelminths

  10. Toxocariasis • Toxocara canis causes toxocariasis: a zoonotic infection caused by the parasitic roundworms found in the intestine of dogs.

  11. Two types of Toxocariasis 1) Ocular larva migrans (OLM): • Toxocara infections can cause an eye disease which can cause blindness. • OLM occurs when a microscopic worm enters the eye • Each year more than 700 people infected with Toxocara experience permanent partial loss of vision. • OLM occurs when larvae enter the eye. This results in a loss of vision or severe ocular inflammation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-8K9R2M-LfE

  12. Two types of Toxocariasis 2) Visceral larva migrans (VLM): • Repeated Toxocara infections can cause a disease that causes swelling of the body’s organs or central nervous system. • When the larval parasite migrates through the human body it is known as larval migrans. • In the UK alone there are over 300 cases of toxocariasis diagnosed each year.

  13. Pathogenesis • Symptoms : • VLM: include abdominal pain, fever, coughing, wheezing and asthma • OLM: include ophthalmologic lesions • Often found in children aged between 2 & 7 • Can also be asymptomatic

  14. Diagnosis • Is usually made by serology or the finding of larvae in biopsy or autopsy specimens. • ELISA – • positive in 78% of those with visceral larva migrans • positive in 45% of those with ocular toxocariasi

  15. Cross-section of Toxocara Larvae in liver tissue

  16. Treatment • Prednisone • Albendazole or Mebendazole

  17. Control and Prevention • Don’t allow dogs to lick your face • Wash hands after playing with pets • Avoid infected areas • De-worm dogs

  18. Public Health Concerns: • Small children are susceptible • Prelevant because every puppy is assumed to have this helminth

  19. References: • http://course1.winona.edu/kbates/ascarids.htm • http://www.soton.ac.uk/~ceb/Students/Toxocara.htm • http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/html/Toxocariasis.htm • http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Toxocara_canis.html • http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/23505.htm • http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0717-77122008000100012&script=sci_arttext

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