Ajzen (1991) The Theory of Planned Behaviour

1. Outcome Beliefs PersonalAttitude Outcome Evaluations Normative Beliefs SubjectiveNorms Intention Likelihood of behaviour Motivation To comply Self-efficiencyBeliefs Personal controlbeliefs Perceivedexternal barriers Ajzen (1991) The Theory of Planned Behaviour

2. Ajzen (1991) The Theory of Planned Behaviour Personal Attitude • Outcome Beliefs – What we believe to be the outcome of taking the protective behaviour • Outcome Evaluations – How worthwhile we consider the outcome Normative Beliefs Outcome Beliefs PersonalAttitude Outcome Evaluations SubjectiveNorms Intention Likelihood of behaviour Motivation To comply Self-efficiencyBeliefs Personal controlbeliefs Perceivedexternal barriers

3. Ajzen (1991) The Theory of Planned Behaviour Subjective Norms • Normative Beliefs – What we think other people think about the behaviour eg medical staff, friends etc • Motivation to Comply – how motivated we are to act in line with others’ views eg do you value their opinion? Normative Beliefs Outcome Beliefs PersonalAttitude Outcome Evaluations SubjectiveNorms Intention Likelihood of behaviour Motivation To comply Self-efficiencyBeliefs Personal controlbeliefs Perceivedexternal barriers

4. Ajzen (1991) The Theory of Planned Behaviour Personal Control Beliefs • Self-efficacy beliefs – how confident we are we can achieve the change even in the face of barriers • Perceived external barriers – factors which might prevent us achieving our goals Normative Beliefs Outcome Beliefs PersonalAttitude Outcome Evaluations SubjectiveNorms Intention Likelihood of behaviour Motivation To comply Self-efficiencyBeliefs Personal controlbeliefs Perceivedexternal barriers

5. Ajzen (1991) The Theory of Planned Behaviour Intention Intention is made up of:PERSONAL ATTITUDE SUBJECTIVE NORMS PERSONAL CONTROL BELIEFS Normative Beliefs Outcome Beliefs PersonalAttitude Outcome Evaluations SubjectiveNorms Intention Likelihood of behaviour Motivation To comply Self-efficiencyBeliefs Personal controlbeliefs Perceivedexternal barriers

6. Ajzen (1991) The Theory of Planned Behaviour Likelihood of Behaviour Likelihood of behaviour is determined by Intention, but can also be determined wholly by perceived external barriers Normative Beliefs Outcome Beliefs PersonalAttitude Outcome Evaluations SubjectiveNorms Intention Likelihood of behaviour Motivation To comply Self-efficiencyBeliefs Personal controlbeliefs Perceivedexternal barriers

7. Biomedical Model of Health & Illness • It looks at people as though they are a biological machine • If something is going wrong we need to fix the machine the way we might fix a car

8. Biomedical Model of Health & Illness Reductionismthe model tries to reduce explanations of illness to the simplest possible process – if there is a biological problem it won’t then look at any other factors which could contribute

9. Biomedical Model of Health & Illness Single Factor Causes The biomedical model looks for THE cause of a disorder rather than looking for a range of contributory factors.

10. Biomedical Model of Health & Illness Mind-body Distinction Western science has made a distinction between the mind and body. It sees people as split into two parts: body & soul, or ghost & machine

11. Biomedical Model of Health & Illness Illness not Health ‘If it aint broke don’t fix it’ is the idea behind the biomedical model. It deals with the development of illness rather than the promotion of good health.

12. The Biopsychosocial Model Ecological Systems Social Systems Psychological Systems Biological Systems Physical Systems Molecules Atoms Sub-atomic Particles Biosphere Life forms Human beings Nation Culture Family Cognition Emotion Behaviour Organs Tissue Cells

13. The Biopsychosocial Model I am a living biological being with thoughts and feelings. I am influenced by the way I was brought up, the country I live in, the way I process information, the way my body deals with illness and who I know. All these things affect my health.