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HVAC Trends

HVAC Trends. Larry Butz, P.E. November 28, 2006. Sustainability. maximizing the effectiveness of resource use while minimizing the impact of that use on the environment ASHRAE. Life Cycle Costing Improved tools for comparing environmental impact Design for recovery/recycle/reuse

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HVAC Trends

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  1. HVAC Trends Larry Butz, P.E. November 28, 2006

  2. Sustainability maximizing the effectiveness of resource use while minimizing the impact of that use on the environment ASHRAE • Life Cycle Costing • Improved tools for comparing environmental impact • Design for recovery/recycle/reuse • Zero leak systems • Reduced refrigerant charge • Reduced waste • Less/no packaging materials

  3. Globalization • New and growing markets • New competitors • Increasingly diverse needs • Climatic, cultural, economic differences • product variations

  4. Mass Customization • Diverse global markets (differing customer requirements) • More knowledgeable customers (Internet) • Improved flexible manufacturing technologies

  5. Speed to Market • Reduced development cycles • Reduced manufacturing cycles • Customer expectations Increasing importance of local production

  6. HCFC-22 Phase out • Ban on import and production of HCFC-22 equipment in 2010 • Many new HVAC applications are turning to HFC-410A Different regulations in Europe and for developing countries

  7. Indoor Air Quality Conditioning of the air has evolved to include noise, safety, health and cleanliness of the air Quality of the Air

  8. Reduced Sound Levels The XC15 from Lennox is twice as quiet as the company’s previous product. a molded composite material filled with a special sound damping material completely encloses the compressor and the base

  9. Material Costs • Rising costs of copper, aluminum and steel affects design and choice of technology Ex: microchannel heat exchangers with no copper tubes

  10. Energy Costs • Increasing costs • Relative cost of natural gas to electricity encourages use of electric heat pumps • Hybrid systems (multiple energy sources) • Use waste heat

  11. Residential SEER Trends 13.0 SEER Standard 10.0 SEER Standard Oil Embargo SEER (Btu/wh) Shipment-Weighted SEER Closer To Regulation Level

  12. Energy Standards and Codes • ASHRAE 90.1 • Energy Star • LEED Buildings certification • Building Codes • 40 states have codes for energy efficiency

  13. Energy Policy Act 2010 Commercial A/C EER Standards CapacityASHRAE 90.12010 EEREER%Increase 65 - 134K 10.3 11.2* +9% 135 - 239K 9.7 11.0* +13% 240 - 759K 9.5 10.0* +5% * 0.2 Lower EER For A/C With Integrated Gas Heat H/P EER Requirements Are Also 0.2-0.5 Lower No IPLV Requirement • Impact Yet To Be Seen • States Will Be Pre-Empted After 2010 Std. Takes Effect

  14. Energy Variable Pricing • Different prices based on time of day or season • 6% of U.S. electricity meters can read for variable pricing • Wisconsin among leaders in implementation

  15. Technology • Evolving Market Requirements Drive Technology Changes

  16. Compressor Efficiency TrendsFixed-Speed Reaching Top Arena %Efficiency Time Scroll Technology Has Contributed Continued Increasing Efficiency Trend

  17. Two-Step Scroll • Efficiency (Up To 21.0 SEER) • Better Comfort (67% Part Load Capacity) • Quieter Operation (Sound And Vibration) • Simpler Design • Inherent Scroll Design • No Shutdown To Change Capacity • Less Applied Components • Proven Scroll Reliability 100% Capacity (Ports Open) 67% Capacity (Ports Closed)

  18. Application of Variable Speed • Compressors • Fans • Pumps

  19. Air Flow And Refrigerant Flow Modulation Inverter-DC Fan Motor Standard PSC Fan Motor Typical SEER Gains 1+ SEER (Fixed-Speed A/C) 2+ SEER (Modulated A/C) Thermostatic Expansion Valve - Better Superheat Control - Less Cyclic Loss Fixed Flow Orifice 0.25 SEER TXVs In U.S. Residential Shift Overnight From ~20% to ~85%

  20. Heat Exchanger Trends Reaching Diminishing Return –> Oversizing Microchannel Timing ? Finned Tube Re-Arrange Fins 7mm Tube Lanced Fins Enhanced Rifled Overall Conductance UA (w / ° K) Wavy Fins Rifled Tube Q = (UA)* T Smooth Tube +Flat Fins Time • Need Advances To Continue To Contribute To Reducing T • Driven By Size, Commodity Cost, R410A Refrigerant Cost • 7mm Tube And Microchannel

  21. Intelligent and Self Diagnostic Systems • Preventative • Improved operating efficiency • Interactive • Proactive Use intelligent components

  22. 2003 2004 2005 2006 Comfort Alert Diagnostics Gained Market Acceptance • Improves technician service accuracy and increases productivity • gathers and analyzes data on system performance • immediately identifies electrical problems and system-related faults. Volumes

  23. Advancing Sensor Technology • More accurate • More reliable • Lower cost • More rugged (imbedded applications)

  24. Typical Integration Trends StandardOversize Smaller Tube OD HX Standard Oversize Smaller Tube ID HX Single Speed Variable Speed OD Fan ID Blwr. Single Spd/ Blr Delay Variable Speed Flow Control EXV Orifice TXV Single Single-Speed Recip Scroll Two-Stage/Variable-Cap. Compressors Compr. 13 13/14 15 16 18 20+ SEER Controls Will Play Key Role In Integrating Components

  25. Cond. Evap. Typical Energy Loss/Improvement Areas Controls • Improve Component Efficiencies • Compressor Efficiency • Better Fan cfm/w • New Heat Exchanger • Improve Flow Control • Reduce Temperature Lift • Lower Tcond • Higher Tevap • Minimize Superheat • Efficient Subcooling • Reduce Transient Losses • Cyclic • Frost/Defrost • Systems Integration • Modulated Compressor • Variable-Speed Fans • Zoning

  26. Residential Communicating System Air Conditioner Or Heat Pump User Interface Controls & Protects Gas Furnace Ignition System Embedded Electronics Data Charge Level Air Flow Level Temps/Pressures Capacity Power Efficiency Air Handler Control With Variable Speed Motor • Communication Will Continue To Evolve • Enriched With System Data Content For Assisting Contractors • Enable Verification Services And Performance Monitoring

  27. Questions ? • Discussion • Comments

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