Chapter 13

1. Chapter 13 41e - describe the growth of the western population and its impact on Native Americans with reference to Sitting Bull and Wounded Knee

2. Word vomit • In two minutes list everything you know about American Indians/Native Americans! Go!

3. Essential Questions • How did westward expansion impact the native populations?

4. The Plains Indians • Great Plains—grasslands in west-central portion of the U.S. • East: hunting, farming villages; • west: nomadic hunting, gathering • Horses, guns lead most Plains tribes to nomadic life by mid-1700s • Buffalo provides many basic needs • What can buffalo provide?

5. Sioux Camp (1891)

6. Settlers push Westward • Cultural Clash • How do you think the Indians thought about land? • How did this differ from the settlers? • 1858 discovery of gold in Colorado draws tens of thousands • Mining camps, tiny frontier towns have filthy, ramshackle dwellings • Fortune seekers of different cultures, races; mostly men

8. The Government and Indian Policy • Railroads excerpt influence over Indian policy • 1834, government designates Great Plains as one huge reservation • 1850s, treaties define specific boundaries for each tribe

10. Blood shed • Many battles rage between U.S. and Indians • 1874 George A. Custer reports much gold in Black Hills, Gold Rush begins

11. Little Big Horn/Custer’s Last Stand • 1876, Sitting Bull has vision of war at sun dance • Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, Gall crush Custer’s troops • By late 1876, Sioux are defeated; some take refuge in Canada • people starving; Sitting Bull surrenders 1881

12. The Dawes Act • Assimilation—natives to give up way of life, join white culture • 1887, Dawes Act to “Americanize” natives, break up reservations • gives land to individual Native Americans • sell remainder of land to settlers • money for farm implements for natives • In the end, Natives Americans receive only 1/3 of land, no money

13. The Dawes Act Video

14. Destruction of the Buffalo • Destruction of buffalo most significant blow to tribal life • Tourists, fur traders shoot for sport, destroy buffalo population

15. Wounded Knee • Seventh Cavalry takes about 350 Sioux to Wounded Knee Creek • Battle of Wounded Knee—cavalry kill 300 unarmed Native Americans • Battle ends Indian wars, Sioux dream of regaining old life • Brought the Indian Wars to a bitter end!

16. Wounded Knee

17. Cattle Business • After Civil War demand for meat increases in rapidly growing cities • Texas longhorns—sturdy, short-tempered breeds brought by Spanish • Cowboys not in demand until railroads reach Great Plains

18. Essential Questions • How did the U.S. settle westward after the Civil War? • What was the motivation and how was it fueled politically, economically, and socially?

19. AKS • 40b - describe the impact of the railroads in the development of the West, including the transcontinental railroad, and the use of Chinese labor

20. Activator • Why do you think people moved West? • What was their motivations? • What types of people went west?

21. People settled west to farm • 1850–1871, huge land grants to railroads for laying track in West • 1860s, Central Pacific goes east, Union Pacific west, meet in Utah • By 1880s, 5 transcontinental railroads completed • Railroads sell land to farmers, attract many European immigrants http://www.5min.com/Video/The-Transcontinental-Railroad--Laying-the-Tracks-300993988

23. Something to think about • What were the effects of the railroad expansion into the west? • What did it do for business and agriculture? • How about the Indians?

24. Government Support • 1862 Homestead Act offers 160 acres free to any head of household • 1862–1900, up to 600,000 families settle • Exodusters—Southern African-American settlers in Kansas • Did not work because land speculators and railroads bought up the land for their own gain

25. Essential Questions • What was the Populist movement? • What were its origins and what happened to it?

26. AKS • 41g - examine the problems of American farmers, solutions offered by populism in the late 19th Century and identify the major goals and achievements of the reformers

27. Farmers unite to combat economic distress • Farmers buy more land to grow more crops to pay off debts • After Civil War, government takes greenbacks out of circulation • Debtors have to pay loans in dollars worth more than those borrowed • Prices of crops fall dramatically

28. Farmers Unite (continued) • Railroad Problems • Lack of competition lets railroads overcharge to transport grain • Farms mortgaged to buy supplies; suppliers charge high interest • The Farmers’ Alliances • 1867, Grange started • Purpose is educational, social; by 1870s, Grange fighting railroads

29. The Populist Party • Populism—movement of the people; Populist Party wants reforms • Economic: increase money supply, graduated income tax, federal loans • Political: Senate elected by popular vote; secret ballot; 8-hour day • Democratic Party eventually adopts platform

30. Gold Standard vs. Bimetallism

31. The Election of 1896 • 1896, Republicans commit to gold, select William McKinley • Democrats favor bimetallism, choose William Jennings Bryan • McKinley elected president; Populism collapses; leaves legacy: • the powerless can organize, have political impact • agenda of reforms enacted in 20th century

32. Describe what you have learned today in ONE word!