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Chapter 7

Chapter 7. Learning. What Is Learning?. A relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience. Can be a good or bad experience “Learning by association”. Associative Learning.

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Chapter 7

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  1. Chapter 7 Learning

  2. What Is Learning? • A relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience. • Can be a good or bad experience • “Learning by association”

  3. Associative Learning • Learning that certain events occur together either by 2 stimuli or a response and its consequences • Firsthand. • Observational Learning: • Learning from observing OTHERS experiences and examples.

  4. Conditioning • The process of learning associations • 2 types of conditioning: • Classical • Operant

  5. Operant Conditioning • Learning to associate a response and its consequence and thus repeat acts that follow with an award, and avoid those that follow with a punishment • Learn to repeat acts bringing good results and avoid those with negative.

  6. Classical Conditioning • Learn to associate 2 stimuli and thus anticipate events • Came from Ivan Pavlov • Video

  7. Classical Conditioning

  8. Unconditioned Stimulus: Food • Will happen ‘unconditionally’ • The food naturally caused the dog to salivate, he didn’t have to learn that

  9. Unconditioned Response: Salivating • The dog didn’t have to learn to salivate, it happened naturally and unconditionally because the food triggered the salivary reflex

  10. Conditioned Stimulus: Bell • The bell normally wouldn’t have caused the dog to salivate, but when the dog learned to associate hearing the bell with food, he LEARNED to associate the 2 and began salivating at the sound of the bell alone.

  11. Conditioned Response: Salivating • The response learned from the bell, was salivating. The dog learned if he heard the bell he would get food, so he was CONDITIONED to expect it and began to salivate. • Video

  12. Different Stages of Classical Conditioning Acquisition: Associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditional stimulus so the neutral stimulus begins to illicit a conditioned response. Extinction: The diminishing of a conditioned response Spontaneous Recovery: The reappearance after a rest period of an extinguished conditioned response.

  13. Cont. Generalization: The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses. Discrimination: The learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned response.

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