Science and the Bible

1. Science and the Bible

2. Pseudo-Science • 1 Timothy 6:20O Timothy, keep that which is committed to thy trust, avoiding profane and vain babblings, and oppositions of science falsely so called: • The Bible, 2,000 years ago, anticipated ‘bad’ science. • Science means knowledge. • True science always agrees with the observable evidence. • True science performed on God’s creation agrees with the Creator’s written Word. • The theory of evolution contradicts the observable evidence. • Only the Creator and God of the universe — the author of the scientific laws that govern His universe — could cause scientific facts to be recorded in a book —the Bible. • Only the Judeo-Christian Bible contains facts and knowledge that anticipated their scientific discovery by hundreds and in some cases several thousand years. • Given that Bible writers were not scientists, and given that the scientific information at their disposal was generally wrong or misleading, the accuracy of the Bible can only be attributed to the inspiration of God.” • Psalm 19:1-3 – The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament shows His handiwork. Day unto day utters speech, and night unto night reveals knowledge. There is no speech nor language where their voice is not heard. • Romans 1:20 – For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead, so that they are without excuse.

3. Time, Space, Matter, Power and Motion: energy Science expresses the universe using these five terms So does Genesis 1 – only Genesis does it thousands of years earlier… "In the beginning (time) God created (power) the Heaven(space) and the Earth (matter)... And the Spirit of God moved (motion) upon the face of the waters… … Let there be light (more energy)" [Genesis 1:1-3] … written some 3,500 – 4,000 years ago around 1500 B.C. The first thing God tells man is that He controls of all aspects of the universe. No other creation account agrees with the observable evidence. nergy energy

4. The Beginning: • The word "beginning" refers specifically to the beginning of time. Time had a beginning • When the Bible was written most people believed the universe was eternal. • For many years scientists were convinced that the universe was infinite (without beginning or end), and that time had always existed. • Starting with the studies of Albert Einstein in the early 1900s and continuing today, science has confirmed the biblical view that the universe had a beginning. • The COsmic Background Explorer (COBE), aka Explorer 66, was a NASA space mission designed to test the Big Bang theory of the origin of the universe. It provided evidence that supported the idea that the universe had a beginning.. • The Big Bang theory was initially proposed in 1946 by George Gamow, a Russian-born scientist, who believed that a primeval fireball or an intense concentration of pure energy at some finite time in the past was initiating event of the universe. • Genesis 1:1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. • Hebrews 1:10-12 And, Thou, Lord, in the beginning hast laid the foundation of the earth; and the heavens are the works of thine hands: [11] They shall perish; but thou remainest; and they all shall wax old as doth a garment; [12] And as a vesture shalt thou fold them up, and they shall be changed: but thou art the same, and thy years shall not fail. • Visit: Modern Scientific Discoveries Verify the Scriptures (Institute For Creation Research)

5. Atoms: • All things are made up of sub-atomic particles that are invisible to the naked eye • Hebrews 11:3 64-68 AD • Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear. • Only in recent years has science discovered that everything we see is composed of things that we cannot see—invisible atoms. • These atoms are themselves made of even smaller particles, electrons and protons, which are really not solids, but positive and negative charges of electricity. • The first sub-atomic particle to be discovered, the electron, was first discovered by J.J. Thomson in 1897. • Visit: All About Atoms (Jefferson Lab)

6. Atomic glue: • Atoms have a dense center called the nucleus, made up of protons which have positive charges and neutrons which have no electrical charge at all. • One law of electricity is that like charges repel one another. The the protons inside the nucleus are all positively charged, so they should repel one another and scatter, but for some reason they do not. • Colossians 1:16-17 For by him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things were created by him and for him. He is before all things, and in him all things hold together. • Hebrews 1:3 Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high; • The so called strong and weak nuclear forces, which physicists do not understand, bind the atom’s nucleus together and regulates atomic radiation levels. • The Bible states that “all things consist” –are held together by the Creator – Jesus Christ. • The author of the books of Hebrews wrote about atomic structure, whether he specifically understood it or not, nearly 2000 years before it was discovered by scientists. • Visit: All About Atoms (Jefferson Lab)

7. An Initial Void: • A Time Magazine article dated Dec. 1976 said • “Most cosmologists… scientists who study the structure and evolution of the universe, agree that the biblical account of creation, in imagining an initial void, may be uncannily close to the truth.” [Emphasis Added] • Adding • “… in 1929, when Astronomer Edwin Hubble used shifts in the spectral lines of light emanating from distant galaxies to calculate that the islands of stars are moving at tremendous speeds away from the earth − and from each other − like dots painted on the surface of an expanding balloon. To some scientists, this outward rush of the galaxies suggested an original cosmic explosion”. • Edwin Hubble showed that distant galaxies were, receding from the earth, and the further away they were, the faster they were moving, which leads to an interesting conclusion… • the earth is the center of God's attention in the universe.

8. The 1st Law of Thermodynamics • Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them (Genesis 2:1). • The orginial Hebrew uses the past definite tense for the verb "finished," indicating an action completed in the past , never again to occur. • The 1st Law of Thermodynamicsstates that matter can be neither created nor destroyed, and that the amount of matter and energy in the universe remains constant – it can be exchanged, one for the other, but neither created nor destroyed. • If the First Law is correct, and every scientific measurement ever made has confirmed that it is, then the universe could not have created itself in the past or be creating itself today. • It must have been created in the past with no further creating must be going on and there must be no loss of the creation occurring . • The Bible is the only religious book that correctly portrays the First Law by • 1) its description in Genesis of a Creator who is no longer creating, Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them. Genesis 2:1 • and • a Creator who is upholding all things by the word of his power (Hebrews 1:3)". • Visit: Modern Scientific Discoveries Verify the Scriptures (Institute For Creation Research)

9. The 1st Law of Thermodynamics • Genesis 2:1 Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them. • This law (often referred to as the Low of the Conservation of Energy and/or Mass) states that neither matter nor energy can be either created or destroyed. • One form of energy or matter may be converted into another, but the total quantity always remains the same. • This Law caused Sir Fred Hoyle's "Steady-State" (or "Continuous Creation") Theory to be discarded. • Hoyle stated that at points in the universe called "irtrons," matter (or energy) was constantly being created. But, the First Law states just the opposite. • The Hebrew word used in Genesis 2:1 is the past definite tense for the verb "finished," -- an action completed in the past, never again to occur. • The creation was "finished" -- once and for all. There is no "creation" ongoing today. It is "finished" exactly as the Bible states. There is no "creation" ongoing today. • What God said way back in Genesis is exactly what the First Law of Thermodynamics says. • Visit: Modern Scientific Discoveries Verify the Scriptures (Institute For Creation Research)

10. The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics • Historically most people believed the universe was unchangeable. • The Second Law of Thermodynamics (the Law of Increasing Entropy) states that in all physical processes, everything in the universe, every ordered system over time is running down, deteriorating, constantly becoming more disordered. • Rudolf (Julius Emanuel) Clausius formulated the Second Law of Thermodynamics in 1850. • This law was regarded by Albert Einstein to be the premier Law in science. • Evolution directly contradicts this law. • Three different places in the Bible indicate that the earth is wearing out. • Ps 102:25-26 ~1000 BC Of old hast thou laid the foundation of the earth: and the heavens are the work of thy hands. [26] They shall perish, but thou shalt endure: yea, all of them shall wax old like a garment; as a vesture shalt thou change them, and they shall be changed: • Isa 51:6 740-680 BC Lift up your eyes to the heavens, and look upon the earth beneath: for the heavens shall vanish away like smoke, and the earth shall wax old like a garment, and they that dwell therein shall die in like manner: but my salvation shall be for ever, and my righteousness shall not be abolished. • Heb 1:11 64-68 AD They shall perish; but thou remainest; and they all shall wax old as doth a garment; • The universe is running down and wearing out and will eventually "wear out" to the extent that (if God does not intervene) there will be a "heat death“; no more available energy . • Again the Bible is the only religious book to accurately describe this Law: • Entropy (disorder) entered when mankind rebelled against God – resulting in the curse (Genesis 3:17; Romans 8:20-22). • Visit: Modern Scientific Discoveries Verify the Scriptures (Institute For Creation Research)Cosmic Evolution: The Big Bang and the Second Law of Thermodynamics (ChrisitanAnswers.net)

11. An Expanding Universe: During the early 20th century, most scientists (including Einstein) believed the universe was static. In 1929, astronomer Edwin Hubble showed that distant galaxies were receding from the earth, and the further away they were, the faster they were moving. It caused Einstein to admit his mistake. Because of Hubble’s findings, today, most astronomers agree with what the Creator told us thousands of years ago – the universe is expanding! • Reference Written B.C. • Job 9:8 About 1450 or earlier Job 26:7 About 1450 or earlier Job 37:18 About 1450 or earlier • Psa 18:9 About 1000Psa 104:2 About 1000 Psa 144:5 About 1000 • 2Sa 22:10 About 930 • Isa 40:22 746-680 • Isa 42:5 746-680 • Isa 44:24 746-680 • Isa 45:12 746-680 • Isa 48:13 746-680 • Isa 51:13 746-680 • Jer 10:12 627-585 • Jer 51:15 627-585 • Ezek 1:22 592-570 Zech 12:1 520-518 Visit: The Battle for the Cosmic Center (ICR)

12. Space is Empty: • Job, living in an ancient culture that knew nothing about space or planets, asserted that God hung the earth on nothing (1500 B.C.) -- the earth free floats in space. • He stretches out the north over empty space; he hangs the earth on nothing [Job 26:7] • Until recently scientists believed space consisted of a hypothetical substance called Ether. • Ether, or luminiferous Ether, was an imaginary substance through which electromagnetic waves travel. • It was first proposed by the greekphilosopher Aristotle and used by several optical theories as a way to allow propagation of light, which was thought to be impossible in "empty" space. • It was supposed that the ether filled the whole universe and was a stationary frame of reference, which was rigid to electromagnetic waves and energy but completely permeable to matter. • Hooke endorsed the idea of the existence of the ether in his work Micrographia (1665), and other several philosophers of the 17th century, including Huygens, did the same. • At the time of Maxwell's mathematical studies of electromagnetism (in the 1860’s), ether was still assumed to be the propagation medium and was imbued with physics properties such as permeability and permittivity. • In 1887, a crucial experiment was performed by Michelson and Edward Morley in an attempt to detect the existence of the ether. • The experiment, named the Michelson-Morley experiment in honor of its authors, shocked the scientific community by yielding results which indicated that ether did not exist. This result was later used by Einstein to refute the existence of the ether which allowed him to develop special relativity without this artificial (and non-existent) constraint.

13. That Hole In The North • Job 26:7 He stretcheth out the north over the empty place, and hangeth the earth upon nothing. • The universe has a huge hole in it that dwarfs anything else of its kind. • This "gap" is in the Northern Hemisphere, lying in the general direction of the constellation Bootes. • The discovery caught astronomers by surprise. • The hole is nearly a billion light-years across. • It is not a black hole, which is a small sphere of densely packed matter. • Rather, this one is mostly devoid of stars, gas and other normal matter, and • it's also strangely empty of the mysterious "dark matter" that permeates the cosmos. • Other space voids have been found before, but nothing on this scale. • This "hole in space" is a 300 million light year gap in the distribution of galaxies, has taken cosmologists by surprise, not because it exists, but because it is so big. • Indeed, He stretches out the north over the empty place.

14. I’m really in the dark !!! • Black holes and dark matter anticipated: • Matthew 25:30 • And cast ye the unprofitable servant into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. • Jude 1:13 • Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever. • Isaiah 50:3 • I clothe the heavens with blackness, and I make sackcloth their covering. • Cosmologists now speculate that over 98% of the known universe is comprised of dark matter, with dark energy and black holes. • A black hole’s gravitational field is so strong that nothing, not even light, escapes. • Beyond the expanding universe there is no measured radiation and therefore only outer darkness exists. • These theories paint a seemingly accurate description of what the Bible calls “outer darkness” or “the blackness of darkness forever.” • Visit: The Outer Darkness (ICR)

15. Heavens, High heavens • The Bible speaks of “heaven and the highest heavens” • Deut. 10:14 Behold, the heaven and the heaven of heavens is the Lord's thy God, the earth also, with all that therein is. • Long before the Hubble Space Telescope, Scripture spoke of the “heaven of heavens” and the “third heaven” (). • 1 Kings 8:27 But will God indeed dwell on the earth? behold, the heaven and heaven of heavens cannot contain thee; how much less this house that I have builded? • 2 Cor. 12:2 I knew a man in Christ above fourteen years ago, (whether in the body, I cannot tell; or whether out of the body, I cannot tell: God knoweth;) such an one caught up to the third heaven. • We now know that the heavens consist of our immediate atmosphere and the vast reaches of outer space – as well as God’s wonderful abode.

16. Concentrate, don’t lose count • Jeremiah 33:22 Written 627-585 BC • As the host of heaven cannot be numbered, neither the sand of the sea measured: so will I multiply the seed of David my servant, and the Levites that minister unto me. • Hebrews 11:12 Written 64-68 AD • Therefore sprang there even of one, and him as good as dead, so many as the stars of the sky in multitude, and as the sand which is by the sea shore innumerable. • Genesis 15:5 Written about 1450-1410 BC • And he brought him forth abroad, and said, Look now toward heaven, and tell the stars, if thou be able to number them: and he said unto him, So shall thy seed be. • At the time these were written only about 1,100 stars were visible. • Science  Since the 19th Century AD, with the advent of more and more powerful telescopes, we know that there are billions of stars, but we still haven’t identified the limit of the universe. • Prior to this, most thought there were no more than 5,000-6,000 stars • (which is what could be seen with the naked eye from all points on the earth).  • See the CNN report titled Star survey reaches 70 sextillion.

17. There are a few Stars: • The Bible frequently refers to the great number of stars in the heavens. • Genesis 22:17 Blessing I will bless you, and multiplying I will multiply your descendants as the stars of the heaven and as the sand which is on the seashore; and your descendants shall possess the gate of their enemies. • Jeremiah 33:22 As the host of heaven cannot be numbered, nor the sand of the sea measured, so will I multiply the descendants of David My servant and the Levites who minister to Me. • At a time when less than 5,000 stars were visible to the human eye, God stated that the stars of heaven were innumerable. • Not until the 17th century did Galileo glimpse the immensity of our universe with his new telescope. • Today, astronomers estimate that there are ten thousand billion billion stars – that’s a 1 followed by 22 zeros! • Even today, scientists admit that they do not know how many stars there are. • Yet, as the Bible states, scientists admit this number may be woefully inadequate. • Visit: The Stars of Heaven (Institute For Creation Research)

18. I demand a recount: The number of stars, though vast, are finite (Isaiah 40:26). Although man is unable to calculate the exact number of stars, we now know their number is finite. Of course God knew this all along – “He counts the number of the stars; He calls them all by name” (Psalm 147:4). What an awesome God! Visit: The Stars of Heaven (Institute For Creation Research) The Bible compares the number of stars with the number of grains of sand on the seashore (Genesis 22:17; Hebrews 11:12). Amazingly, gross estimates of the number of sand grains are comparable to the estimated number of stars in the universe. Visit: The Stars of Heaven (Institute For Creation Research)

19. Who’s Who ???: • The first star catalogue was compiled by the Egyptian astronomer Ptolemy in the 2nd century. • Called the Almagest, it listed the names and locations of 1,028 stars. • Now, because of telescopes such as the Hubble, we know that... • Stars are not spread uniformly across the universe, but are normally grouped into galaxies along with interstellar gas and dust. • A typical galaxy contains hundreds of billions of stars, and there are more than 100 billion (1011) galaxies in the observable universe. • While it is often believed that stars only exist within galaxies, intergalactic stars have been discovered. • Astronomers estimate that there are at least 70 sextillion (7×1022) stars in the observable universe. [Wikipedia]. • But didn’t God already say that ?? • God said to Abraham 'Look now toward heaven, and count the stars if you are able to number them.' And He said to him, 'So shall your descendants be.'(Genesis 15:5)". • 'As the host of heaven (stars) cannot be numbered, nor the sand of the sea measured, so will I multiply the descendants of David My servant (Jeremiah 33:22). • "Therefore from one man, ...were born as many as the stars of the sky in multitude-- innumerable as the sand which is by the seashore. (Hebrews 11:12)"

20. If at first you don’t suceed … • God said to Abraham 'Look now toward heaven, and count the stars if you are able to number them.' And He said to him, 'So shall your descendants be.'(Genesis 15:5). • As the host of heaven (stars) cannot be numbered, nor the sand of the sea measured, so will I multiply the descendants of David My servant (Jeremiah 33:22). • "Therefore from one man, ...were born as many as the stars of the sky in multitude-- innumerable as the sand which is by the seashore. (Hebrews 11:12) • The Bible asserts that the stars are innumerable. This does not necessarily mean that we are incapable of mathematically expressing their number. • It means that no human has the ability to count them individually so as to achieve their sum. • It is claimed that there are 100 billion stars in our galaxy alone. • If stars were counted around the clock at one star per second, then it would take over 3,000 years just to count these. • Add to this the fact that there are as many as 100 billion galaxies.  • There were many scholars prior to Galileo who believed that the stars could be counted, and several attempts were made to do so. Many of these counts arrived at around 1,000 stars. • Psalm 8: 3-4 When I consider Your heavens, the work of Your fingers, The moon and the stars, which You have ordained; What is man that You take thought of him, And the son of man that You care for him?

21. Who are you? What’s your name? • The Bible also tells us that each star is unique. • 1 Cor. 15:41 There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars: for one star differeth from another star in glory. • All stars look alike to the naked eye. • Even when seen through a telescope, they still seem to be just points of light. • However, close examination of their lights spectra reveals that each is different from all others. • All stars look alike to the naked eye. • Even when seen through a telescope, they seem to be just points of light. • However, analysis of their light spectra reveals that each is unique and different from all others. • Centuries before the advent of the telescope, the Bible declared what only God and the angels knew – each star varies in size and intensity! • People can perceive some slight difference in color and apparent brightness when looking at stars with the naked eye, but we would not expect a person living in the first century A.D. to claim they differ from one another. • Visit: The Stars of Heaven (Institute For Creation Research)

22. The Pleiades, Orion and Arcturus • Job was suffering, in pain, and was getting bad advice from friends. • Eventually, Job accused the Lord of being unjust. • God answered Job’s accusations by asking him 70 or so questions concerning the Himself and the wonders of His creation. • Three of these questions found in Job 38:31-32. • Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, • or loose the bands of Orion? • Canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons? • The Pleiades star cluster is gravitationally bound, while the Orion star cluster is loose and disintegrating because the gravity of the cluster is not enough to bind the group together. • 4,000 years ago God asked Job, "Can you bind the cluster of the Pleiades, or loose the belt of Orion?" • In the last century astrophysicists have discovered that the stars of Pleiades move in unison with each other, and are thus gravitationally bound. • They have also discovered that the stars of Orion are free agents that are not gravitationally bound but are flying apart.

23. "Canst thou ... loose the bands of Orion?" • Garrett P. Serviss, the noted astronomer, wrote about the bands of Orion12 in his book CURIOSITIES OF THE SKY. • At the present time this band consists of an almost perfect straight line, a row of second-magnitude stars about equally spaced and of the most striking beauty. In the course of time, however, the two right-hand stars, Mintaka and Alnilam, will approach each other and form a naked-eye double; but the third, Alnitak, will drift away eastward so that the band will no longer exist. • One star is traveling in a certain direction at a certain speed, • A second one is traveling in a different direction at a second speed, and • The third one is going in a third direction and at a still different speed. • Actually every star in Orion is traveling its own course, independent of all the others. • The stars that we see forming one of the bands of Orion are like three ships out on the high seas that happen to be in line at the present moment, but in the future will be separated by thousands of miles of ocean. • All the stars that at the present time constitute the constellation of Orion are bound for different ports, and • All are journeying to different corners of the universe, so that the bands are being dissolved.

24. Canst thou bind the sweet influence of the Pleiades…? • Isabel Lewis of the United States Naval Observatory tells us: • Astronomers have identified 250 stars as actual members of this group [Pleiades], all sharing in a common motion and drifting through space in the same direction. • The seven stars of the Pleiades we see are in reality a grouping of 250 blazing suns all traveling together in one common direction. • Lick Observatory issued this statement from Dr. Robert J. Trumpler: • Over 25,000 individual measures of the Pleiades stars are now available, and their study led to the important discovery that the whole cluster is moving in a southeasterly direction. The Pleiades stars may thus be compared to a swarm of birds, flying together to a distant goal. This leaves no doubt that the Pleiades are not a temporary or accidental agglomeration of stars, but a system in which the stars are bound together by a close kinship. • The stars in the Pleiades are all bound together, like a flock of birds as they journey through space -- which is exactly the Pleiades feature that God asked Job to answer.

25. "Canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons?" • Garrett P. Serviss wrote: • Arcturus, one of the greatest suns in the universe, is a runaway whose speed of flight is 257 miles per second. Arcturus, we have every reason to believe, possesses thousands of times the mass of our sun. Think of it! Our sun is traveling only 12 ½ miles a second, but Arcturus is traveling 257 miles a second. Think then of the prodigious momentum this motion implies. • Charles Burckhalter, of the Chabot Observatory said” • This high velocity places Arcturus in that very small class of stars that apparently are a law unto themselves. He is an outsider, a visitor, a stranger within the gates; to speak plainly, Arcturus is a runaway. Newton gives the velocity of a star under control as not more than 25 miles a second, and Arcturus is going 257 miles a second. Therefore, combined attraction of all the stars we know cannot stop him or even turn him in his path. • Mr. Burckhalter after being shown the text in the book of Job said: • The study of the Book of Job and its comparison with the latest scientific discoveries has brought me to the matured conviction that the Bible is an inspired book and was written by the One who made the stars. • The wonders of God’s universe never cease to amaze us. Arcturus and his sons are individual runaway suns that seem to be out of orbit in our galaxy. Traveling at such incredible speeds, why don’t they crash with other suns or planets? Where are they headed? Only God knows. God is guiding them.

26. The Lesson of The Pleiades, Orion, and Arcturus • Few have suffered the multiple tragedies of Job. How could God reach through the enormity of Job’s self-pity? (Job thought God just didn’t care.) In these three questions (Job 38:31, 32) God is in reality saying: • Job, you think I am not concerned about your suffering. Well, let Me ask you these questions. Can you loose the bands of Orion? No, you cannot. But My Divine power will. Some day Orion will no longer exist. Job, can you bind the 250 stars of the Pleiades together in their symmetry of beauty and not have a single one drift off? Only I have this power and wisdom. Can you prevent the runaways — Arcturus and his sons — from colliding as they go dashing out of the Milky Way? No, only My Divine power and wisdom can. • Job, if I am caring for the details of the universe, do you doubt that I not only care for the details of your life, but I have the ability to solve your problems? Trust that there is a good reason I am permitting these tragedies. Remember, Job, I work from the perspective of your eternal welfare. • What an awesome way God chose to tell Job that He was in full control of human affairs, including Job's life!

27. Those Singing Stars: Job 38:7 When the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy? Science has discovered that stars emit radio waves, which are received on earth as a high pitch. The galaxy is full of objects that emit radio waves, including black holes and stars of various kinds.

28. Keep the lights on… • Jeremiah 10:2 Thus saith the Lord, Learn not the way of the heathen, and be not dismayed at the signs of heaven; for the heathen are dismayed at them. • Ancient peoples were afraid of the sun, moon and stars thinking that they were alive — that they were gods. • Some thought eclipses happened when the moon was mad at the earth and turned its face away. • The Chinese believed that an eclipse was caused by a demon or some huge animal that ate the sun and then would give them up again. • Our God states that He is the one and only God. • Over 5,000 years ago, the Judeo-Christian Bible in Genesis 1 states that the sun, moon and stars were created by God. • The universe created by God is completely under God’s control.

29. Synchronize your watches … • Genesis 1:14-16 And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years: [15] And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so. [16] And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also. • We know that a year is the time required for the earth to travel once around the sun. • The seasons are caused by the changing position of the earth in relation to the sun. • The moon’s phases follow one another in clock-like precision – constituting the lunar calendar . A "month [is] the time of one revolution of the moon around the earth with respect to the sun. • The Bible agrees with the observable evidence. • Moses (the accepted author of Genesis) 3,500 years ago knew that the "lights" of the sun and moon were the actual determining factors of the year's length. • His knowledge and his words were inspired by God?

30. The Orbit of The Sun: • Psalm 19:4-6 About 1000 BC Their line is gone out through all the earth, and their words to the end of the world. In them hath he set a tabernacle for the sun, [5] Which is as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber, and rejoiceth as a strong man to run a race. [6] His going forth is from the end of the heaven, and his circuit unto the ends of it: and there is nothing hid from the heat thereof. • As we view the sun from the earth, it appears to travel in a great circuit around the earth daily rising in the east and setting in west. • For thousands of years men thought the sun revolved around the earth which was stationary in space and the center of the universe. This is called geocentricity. • Scientists scoffed at this verse thinking that it taught geocentricity – the theory that the sun revolves around the earth, knowing that it was simply not true. • They insisted the sun was stationary in space and that the earth revolved around the sun which was stationary in space. • They were only half right. • What we cannot see from the earth is that the sun is moving through space in a huge orbit in the Milky Way galaxy. • It was just recently discovered that the Sun is moving through space at about 600,000 miles per hour, in an orbit that would take an estimated 230,000,000 years to complete – just as the Bible stated over 3,000 years ago!

31. Free Floating Earth • Job 26:7 [written about 1500 BC] • He stretcheth out the north over the empty place, and hangeth the earth upon nothing. • About 3,500 years ago, approximately the same time the Book of Job was written. the Hindu scriptures recorded that the earth was resting on the backs of several huge elephants. • The elephants were resting on the back of a very large turtle that was swimming in a sea. • Greek mythology claims that the god Atlas was holding the earth on his shoulders. • He supported the pillars that separated heaven and earth and he carried the earth around on his shoulders (where he stood and what he stood on isn’t explained). • Our Bible says the earth is suspended in space. Nothing is holding it up. • Science didn't discover that the earth hangs upon nothing until 1650. • The earth free-floats in space, affected only by gravity just as (Job 26:7) records it. • Visit: Modern Science In An Ancient (ICR)

32. The Earth is a Sphere: • Isaiah 40:22 746-680 BC He sits enthroned above the circle of the earth, and its people are like grasshoppers. He stretches out the heavens like a canopy, and spreads them out like a tent to live in. • The word translated “circle” here is the Hebrew word chuwg which is also translated “circuit,” or “compass” (depending on the context). • It indicates something spherical, rounded, or arched—not something that is flat or square. • "He [God] set a compass [circle] upon the face of the deep." Proverbs 8:27. • Luke 17:34-36, written about 60 AD, I tell you, in that night there shall be two men in one bed; the one shall be taken, and the other shall be left. [35] Two women shall be grinding together; the one shall be taken, and the other left. [36] Two men shall be in the field; the one shall be taken, and the other left. • This depicts Christ's Second Coming as happening while some are asleep at night and others are working at day-time activities (morning and afternoon), an indication of a rotating earth with day and night at the same time - daytime on one side, while it is yet night time on the other.

33. The Earth is a Sphere: • Isaiah 40:22 746-680 BC He sits enthroned above the circle of the earth, and its people are like grasshoppers. He stretches out the heavens like a canopy, and spreads them out like a tent to live in. • This was written at least 300 years before Aristotle suggested that the earth might be a sphere in his book “On the Heavens”. • Aristotle provided observational evidence for the spherical Earth around 330 BC, but most pre-Socratic philosophers, including Leucippus (c.440 BC) and Democritus (c.460-370 BC) believed in a flat earth. • The Greek mathematician Eratostenes accurately calculated the earth's circumference in the third century before Christ. • Yet, for thousands of years people believed the earth was flat. • If one went too far, he would fall over the edge. • This was taught in both Hindu and Buddhist scripture. • By the time of Christopher Columbus (c.1480 AD), he and most other educated persons of their time, knew that the earth was round. • In the 1500s, the first ship sailed around the world. • This proved the earth was round. But the round earth was recorded in the Judeo-Christian Bible long before man discovered it in the 1500s. • In our century, Arabs spoke of infidels being pushed over the edge into space. • The Bible described the shape of the earth centuries before people thought that the earth was spherical.

34. You can’t get there from here: • Psalm 103:12 As far as the east is from the west, so far hath he removed our transgressions from us. • On a spherical surface, east and west are infinitely separated in the sense that one can travel indefinitely in either direction without ever arriving at the other. • Eccles. 1:6 The wind goeth toward the south, and turneth about unto the north; it whirleth about continually, and the wind returneth again according to his circuits. • Solomon described the wind as blowing in circuits, first towards the south and then turning toward the north. • North and south are not infinitely separated as east and west, because a southward traveler on a spherical surface will be heading north after crossing the south pole”. • Visit: Does the Bible Teach a Spherical EarthDid Bible writers believe the earth was flat? (CristianAnswers.net)

35. The edge of day / The edge of night: • Job 26:10 He hath compassed the waters with bounds, until the day and night come to an end. • Job 26:10 clearly refers to the line of demarcation between day and night. • Such a view of the curved horizon at sunrise or sunset can only be seen from extremely high altitudes reached only by military jets and spacecraft. • These writers were given a view of the Earth as a sphere long before Eratosthenes--by measuring shadows in Egyptian wells--determined that the earth was round in 240BC. • Although there is a specific Hebrew word for "sphere," the word used in these passages ("khug") can mean both circle or sphere. • It refers to the shape of an orange as it might be represented in a two-dimensional picture. • Visit: Does the Bible Teach a Spherical EarthDid Bible writers believe the earth was flat? (CristianAnswers.net)

36. The Rotation Of The Earth: • Job 38:12-14 Hast thou commanded the morning since thy days; and caused the dayspring to know his place; [13] That it might take hold of the ends of the earth, that the wicked might be shaken out of it? [14] It is turned as clay to the seal; and they stand as a garment. • As soon as the sun is risen (dayspring), at the time and place established by God, • its light will take hold of the ends of the earth in the sense that it touches all of the landscape, and • the wicked are shaken out of it (the earth) in the sense that thieves, drunkards, adulterers, and others who practice their sins in darkness are forced to desist from these activities as they retreat from the light. • the text asserts that God's command of the morning derives from His control of the earth, which is turned as clay to the seal. • God regulates the morning by rotating the earth as a potter rotates the clay— an accurate analogy of the earth's rotation. • the beauties of the earth are revealed by the light, and its coloration is made to appear as that of a beautiful garment.

37. Crusty old thing • The Bible describes the Earth’s crust (along with a comment on astronomy). • Jeremiah 31:37 • Thus says the LORD: • “If heaven above can be measured, • And the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, • I will also cast off all the seed of Israel • For all that they have done, says the LORD.” • Some scientists claim that they have now measured the size of the universe. • Every such claim has proven to be premature as science and technology advances. • However, every human attempt to drill through the earth’s crust to the plastic mantle beneath has, thus far, ended in failure. • The foundation of the Earth has never been reached by man’s efforts – mantle or core. We haven’t broken through the crust to reach the core – the foundation upon which the earth is built…

38. The continents were created as one large land mass. • Genesis 1:9-10 And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so. [10] And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good. • There is strong evidence that the earth was originally one super continent – just as the Bible said way back in Genesis. • The hypothesis is that the continents once formed a single landmass (called Pangaea which means 'all lands' in Greek) before breaking apart and drifting to their present locations. • Genesis 7:11 In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month, the seventeenth day of the month, the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened. • Today the study of the ocean floor indicates that the landmasses have been ripped apart. This cataclysmic event apparently resulted in the continental plates breaking and shifting - drifting. • Genesis 10:25 And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name was Joktan. • Peleg means division. He was named Peleg because in his days the earth was divided. • It is possible that the land bridges between the continents, as we know them today, were breached by the seas in Pelegs day. (This would have permitted man and animals to spread across the earth following the flood of Noah’s day.) • Visit: Recent Rapid Uplift of Today's Mountains (ICR)Continental Drift, Plate Tectonics, and the Bible (ICR) Pangaea

39. Air Has Weight: • Job 28:25 1500 BC or earlier To make the weight for the winds; and he weigheth the waters by measure. • 4,000 years ago Job declared that God established “a weight for the wind.” • The fact that air has weight was scientifically discovered about 300 years ago. • Mathematician Evangelista Torricelli discovered this in 1643.  • In recent years, meteorologists have calculated that the average thunderstorm holds thousands of tons of rain. • To carry this load, air must have mass. • The relative weights of air and water are needed for the efficient functioning of the world’s hydrologic cycle, which in turn sustains life on the earth. • The fact that so much water covers the earth means that the effects of the sun and moon's gravity are balanced perfectly. • The energy is dissipated in the water —the weight of the water is precisely measured.

40. Air Currents: • Ecclesiastes 1:6 935 BC The wind goes toward the south, And turns around to the north; The wind whirls about continually, And comes again on its circuit. • King Solomon wrote this 3,000 years ago. The Bible describes the circulation of the atmosphere. • The Jet Stream was first discovered by airmen during WW II.   At the time it was thought that the winds blew in straight lines. • Look at a graphical representation of the jet stream and you'll see it matches the Bible's description very nicely. • The Scriptures describe a "cycle" of air currents two thousand years before scientists described them. • We now know that air around the earth turns in huge circles, clockwise in one hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the other.

41. The Path of Light • Job 38:191500 BC or earlier Where is the way where light dwelleth? and as for darkness, where is the place thereof, • Light travels in a path, darkness does not. • Darkness is what is left when light is separated out from it. • Light is said to have a “way” [Hebrew: derek, literally a traveled path or road]. • Until the 17th century it was believed that light was transmitted instantaneously. • Modern man has only recently discovered that light (electromagnetic radiation) has a "way," traveling at 186,000 miles per second in a straight line • – but now we’re not so sure about the straight line part…. • Visit: Light travels in a path was foretold in the Bible hundreds of years before scientists discovered it (creationists.org)

42. Talking Lightning? • Job 38:35 1500 BC or earlier Can you send lightnings, that they may go, • and say to you, Here we are? • The Bible is making what appears to be a scientifically ludicrous statement — that light can be sent, and then be heard as speech. • Radio waves travel at the speed of light? - lightning fast ! • This is why you can have instantaneous wireless communication with someone on the other side of the earth. • Science didn’t discover this until 1864 when a British scientist named James Clerk Maxwell suggested that electricity and light waves were two forms of the same thing – electromagnetic waves. • Radio waves and light are electromagnetic radiation operating at different frequencies. • The fact that light can be sent and speak is even more true today with our use of fiber optics. • Using transmitters and receivers, today we can send electromagnetic radiation at lightning speed which speak when they arrive.

43. Watch it… • Modern communications, radio, TV and satellite communications were not discovered until this century. • The television is a practical device that uses electromagnetic waves which transmit its video and audio signals. • The Bible contains passages that describe something — maybe television — that allows everyone on earth see a single event live while it is happening on the other side of the world. • Matthew 24:30 About 60 AD Then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. • Revelation 11:9-11 About 90 AD Then those from the peoples, tribes, tongues, and nations will see their dead bodies three-and-a-half days, and not allow their dead bodies to be put into graves. And those who dwell on the earth will rejoice over them, make merry, and send gifts to one another, because these two prophets tormented those who dwell on the earth. Now after the three-and-a-half days the breath of life from God entered them, and they stood on their feet, and great fear fell on those who saw them.

44. Light division • Job 38:24 By what way is the light parted, which scattereth the east wind upon the earth? • Sir Isaac Newton studied light and discovered that white light is made of seven colors, which can be 'parted' from the white and then recombined to make white again. • Science discovered this in 1650." Richard Gunther • What science confirmed this four centuries ago, God declared four millennia ago!

45. Rainbows • Prior to the Flood there was a different environment on the earth. • Genesis 2:5-6 And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew: for the Lord God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground. [6] But there went up a mist [fog] from the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground. • After the Flood, once it began to rain on the earth, God set His rainbow “in the cloud” as a sign that He would never again judge the earth by water. • Meteorologists now understand that a rainbow is formed when the sun shines through water droplets [rain drops], which act as a prism separating white light into its color spectrum. • Genesis 9:13-16 I do set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a token of a covenant between me and the earth. [14] And it shall come to pass, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the bow shall be seen in the cloud: [15] And I will remember my covenant, which is between me and you and every living creature of all flesh; and the waters shall no more become a flood to destroy all flesh. [16] And the bow shall be in the cloud; and I will look upon it, that I may remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living creature of all flesh that is upon the earth. • Visit: What causes a rainbow? (CristianAnswers.net)The Rainbow And The Cloud (ICR)

46. Weather or not ??? • In ancient times, most religious scripture taught that lightning bolts were missiles thrown in anger by their gods. • In Confucius scripture, the goddess of lightning, Tien Mu, flashed light on intended victims to enable Lei Kung, the god of thunder to launch his deadly bolts accurately. • In China, Taoist scripture regarded the rainbow as a deadly rain dragon. • Since rain is so necessary to life, ancient people pondered what caused it. • Some tried to stab holes in the clouds with spears. • The Vedas (Hindu scripture) advised to tie a frog with its mouth open to the right tree and say the right words and rain would fall. • The Judeo-Christian Bible teaches that earth’s seasons and weather follows rules and cycles. This was documented some 4,000 + years ago by Moses… • Genesis 8:22. "While the earth remaineth, seed time and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease."

47. Weather or not ??? • Job 28:26 God made decrees [rules] for the rain. And He set a way for the lightning of the thunder: • 4,000+ years later, scientists began to discern the rules Job spoke of for the rain. • Rainfall is part of a process called the water cycle – the hydrological cycle. • The sun evaporates water from the ocean. • That water vapor rises and becomes clouds. • This water in the clouds falls back to earth as rain. • It collects in streams and rivers and makes its way back to the ocean. • This process repeats itself again and again. • About 300 years ago, Galileo discovered this cycle. • Amos 9:6 It is he that buildeth his stories in the heaven, and hath founded his troop in the earth; he that calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth: The Lord is his name. • Scientists are just beginning to fully understand God’s "decrees or rules for the rain." • Since 68 BC it was thought that somehow thunder triggered the rainfall. • Now scientists are beginning to realize that as stated in Job 28:26, it is lightning that triggers the rain to fall.

48. The Treasures of The Snow: Job 38:22 Hast thou entered into the treasures of the snow? or hast thou seen the treasures of the hail, With the advent of the microscope,man discovered that each and every single snowflake is uniquely a symmetrical design – no two alike, ever. Each individual snow crystal is in itself a unique "treasure“. Someday we may even understand the “treasures” of the hail.

49. The Anthropic Principle • Isa 45:18 written 2800 years ago For thus saith the Lord that created the heavens; God himself that formed the earth and made it; he hath established it, he created it not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited: I am the Lord; and there is none else. • The earth was designed for biological life. This is called the Anthropic Principle. • Scientists have discovered that the most fundamental characteristics of our earth and cosmos are so finely tuned that if just one of them were even slightly different, life as we know it couldn't exist. • Isa 40:12 written 2800 years ago Who has measured the waters in the hollow of His hand... • God has measured the waters and set a proper amount of water on the Earth. Modern science has proved that the quantity of water on Earth is just enough for our needs. • If the sea became 3 meters deeper, the water would absorb all the carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and no creature could live any longer. • The fact that so much water covers the earth means that the effects of the sun and moon's gravity are balanced perfectly. • The energy is dissipated in the water —the weight of the water is precisely measured. • The relative weights of air and water are needed for the efficient functioning of the world’s hydrologic cycle, which in turn sustains life on the earth. • Visit: The Earth: Unique in All the Universe (ICR)Design in Nature: The Anthropic Principle (ICR) • The Anthropic Principle: Is the Earth Fine-Tuned for Life? (ChristianAnswers.net)

50. The Hydrologic Cycle: • The complete water cycle was not fully understood by science until the 17th century. • More than 2,000 years before the discoveries of Pierre Perrault, Edme Mariotte, Edmund Halley, and others, the Scriptures spoke of a water cycle. • The earliest literature indicating an understanding of this cycle was apparently around the 3rd or 4th century BC. • Aristotle demonstrated only a vague understanding of this process… though he recognized that rain came from clouds, he incorrectly postulated that air turned into water and vice versa. • Jer 10:13 When he uttereth his voice, there is a multitude of waters in the heavens, and he causeth the vapors to ascend from the ends of the earth; he maketh lightnings with rain, and bringeth forth the wind out of his treasures. • Ecc 1:7 All the rivers run into the sea; yet the sea is not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come, thither they return again. • Amos 9:6 755 BC It is he that buildeth his stories in the heaven, and hath founded his troop in the earth; he that calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth: The Lord is his name. • Isa 55:10 For as the rain cometh down, and the snow from heaven, and returneth not thither, but watereth the earth, and maketh it bring forth and bud, that it may give seed to the sower, and bread to the eater: