Technologies Needed for Intelligent Compaction Rafiq Darji, P.E. Florida Division

1. Technologies Needed for Intelligent Compaction Rafiq Darji, P.E. Florida Division

2. Technologies Needed for IC • IC is nothing but adding Science to the Art of Compaction • Compaction is one of the most important processes in roadway construction. It is needed to achieve high quality and uniformity of pavement materials, which in turn better ensure long-lasting performance. • Pavement materials often possess optimum densities that ensure adequate support, stability, and strength. Achieving these uniformity is key.

3. Technologies Needed for IC • Current processes using conventional compaction machines may result in inadequate and/or non-uniform material densities, which can be one of the major factors that result in premature failure. • IC helps to overcome this.

4. Technologies Needed for IC • How IC Rollers Work: • IC machines are vibratory rollers with accelerometers mounted on the axel of drums, global positioning system, Infra-red temperature sensors (for asphalt), and on-board computers that can display color-coded maps in real-time to track roller passes, asphalt surface temperatures, and stiffness of compacted materials.

5. Technologies Needed for IC • Accelerometers or Continuous Measurement System • Temperature Gauge/Sensor • RTK (Real Time Kinematic) – GPS • Control Panel/Box (Real Time Display Panel)

6. Technologies Needed for IC Onboard Report System Global Positioning System (GPS) Continuous Measurement System Courtesy of Bomag

7. Types of IC Rollers • Single Drum Rollers: Primarily used for Soil Compaction • Double Drum Rollers: Primarily used for Asphalt Compaction

8. Single Smooth Drum Rollers Photos courtesy of each company Caterpillar HAMM-Wirtgen Ammann-Case Dynapac Sakai Bomag

9. Caterpillar Soils IC System Photos courtesy of each company Radio GPS Receiver Display Controllers Accelerometer Slope Sensor Courtesy of Caterpillar

10. Double Drum IC Rollers Photos courtesy of each company HAMM-Wirtgen Bomag Caterpillar Sakai

11. Sakai Double Drum IC System Photos courtesy of each company GPS Radio/Receiver Control Panel Temperature Sensor Accelerometer CIS Display

12. HAMM Double Drum IC System Photos courtesy of each company HCQ GPS Navigator GPS Receiver Temperature Sensors Control Panel Accelerometer

13. Technologies Needed for IC • IC Roller Requirements: • GPS – Based documentation system. • On – Board, Color –coded display • Surface Temperature Measurement System • IC Measurement Value (ICMV) • Optional: Automatic feedback system

14. RTK GPS Photos courtesy of each company Connected by Radio Link Roller GPS Radio/Receiver GPS Base Station GPS Rover

15. GPS Precisions • Autonomous:10 -15m • DGPS: 0.5 - 5m • Float : 1 m • Fixed :1-3 cm Not to scale Courtesy of Trimble

16. GPS Accuracy for IC IC Pass Counts 4 3 2 1 Good GPS Poor GPS Unspecified Source

17. Roller Measurement Values Photos courtesy of each company Ammann kb Caterpillar CMV, MDP HAMM/Wirtgen HMV Dynapac CMV Bomag EVIB Sakai CCV

18. Color-Coded On-Board Display

19. Test Sections/Target Values • Dimensions of Test Sections • 75 m X 6 m for Soils • 300 – 500 Tons for HMA • Evaluations for Each Lift Materials with cores • Fixed Settings of IC Compaction • Determination of Target Roller Passes and IC-MV

20. IC Retrofit Presently only one manufacture who supplies retrofit equipment Retrofit can be installed on any compactor from any manufacturer, used or new machines Can be transferred between many machine types

21. Retrofit Single Drum IC Roller Volvo with Trimble Retrofit Photos courtesy of each company

22. Retrofit Double Drum IC Roller Printer Conventional Roller with Trimble Retrofit GNSS Receiver Control Box Temperature Sensor Temperature Sensor Courtesy of Trimble

23. Sampling Coverage 1 / 1,000,000 100 % Coverage Courtesy of Trimble/Caterpillar