LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT Describe U.S. involvement in Puerto Rico.

1. STANDARD(S) ADRESSED: 11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world power in the twentieth century. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT • Describe U.S. involvement in Puerto Rico. • Identify causes and effects of the Philippine-American War. • Explain the purpose of the Open Door Policy in China. • Summarize the views regarding U.S. imperialism.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

3. Section 3 Acquiring New Lands In the early 1900s, the United States engages in conflicts in Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines. NEXT

4. SECTION 3 Acquiring New Lands Ruling Puerto Rico • Military Rule • During Spanish-American War, General Nelson A. Miles occupies island • Puerto Rico under military control • People split on independence, statehood, self-government under U.S. NEXT

5. SECTION 3: ACQUIRING NEW LANDS The U.S had to decide how to rule the new lands Puerto Rico wanted their independence– but the U.S. had other plans Puerto Rico was important to the U.S. strategically The U.S. set up a civil government, full citizenship, and a bicameral system

6. Chapter 10 Section 3Guided Reading: What was its relationship to the U.S.? Puerto Rico 1898-1916 very similar to that of a colony or protectorate Cuba 1989-1903 Protectorate: very similar to colony status The Philippines 1898-1945 Similar to Protectorate and colony China 1900 Trading partner

7. SECTION 3 Acquiring New Lands Ruling Puerto Rico • Return to Civil Government • PR strategic as post in Caribbean, for protection of future canal • 1900, Foraker Act sets up civil government • - president appoints governor, upper house • 1917, Puerto Ricans made U.S. citizens; elect both houses NEXT

8. Chapter 10 Section 3 A – Why was Puerto Rico important to the United States? Puerto Rico was strategically important to the US, both for maintain a presence in the Caribbean and for protecting a future canal that the Americans wanted to build across the isthmus of Panama.

9. SECTION 3 Cuba and the United States • American Soldiers • U.S. recognizes Cuban independence from Spain • Teller Amendment says U.S. has no intention of taking over Cuba • After war U.S. occupies Cuba; has same officials in office as Spain • - Cuban protestors imprisoned or exiled • American military government helps rebuild the country Continued . . . NEXT

10. Chapter 10 Section 3Guided Reading: Why did the U.S. try to control its affairs? Puerto Rico 1898-1916 its location was of strategic importance to the US Cuba 1989-1903 to protect American business The Philippines 1898-1945 to provide the US with raw material and new markets China 1900 to establish and protect new markets

11. SECTION 3 continuedCuba and the United States • Platt Amendment • U.S. makes Cuba add Platt Amendment to its 1901 constitution • Platt Amendment does not allow Cuba to go into debt; also stipulates • - no treaties that let foreign power control land • - U.S. has right to intervene • - U.S. can buy, lease land for navy • • Protectorate—country whose affairs partly controlled by stronger one Continued . . . NEXT

12. CUBA AND THE UNITED STATES The Treaty of Paris granted full independence to Cuba The U.S signed an agreement with Cuba known as the Platt Amendment 1903 Key features of “Platt” included the right of the U.S. to maintain naval stations on the island and the right to intervene in Cuban affairs Cuba had become a “protectorate” of the U.S. Today the U.S. has a prison in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba

13. SECTION 3 continuedCuba and the United States • Protecting American Business Interests • U.S. wants strong political presence to protect American businesses • Some object to colonial entanglements, do not think colonies needed • U.S. state department continues to push for control of Latin America NEXT

14. SECTION 3 Filipinos Rebel • Philippine-American War • Filipinos outraged at Treaty of Paris call for annexation • 1899, Emilio Aguinaldo leads fight for independence against U.S. • U.S. forces Filipinos to live in designated zones in poor conditions • - white U.S. soldiers see Filipinos as inferior • - black troops troubled at spreading prejudice • 20,000 Filipinos die in fight for independence NEXT

15. Chapter 10 Section 3Guided Reading: What laws and policies affected its relationship with the U.S.? Puerto Rico 1898-1916 Treaty of Paris; Foracker Act; Imperialist policies Cuba 1989-1903 Plat Amendment; imperialist policies The Philippines 1898-1945 Treaty of Paris; Removal policy; Imperialist policies China 1900 Open Door policy; Imperialist policies

16. THE WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES U.S. forces surprised Spain by attacking the Spanish colony of the Philippines 11,000 Americans joined forces with Filipino rebel leader Emilo Aguinaldo By August, 1898 Spain had surrendered to the U.S. in Manila

17. Chapter 10 Section 3 B What were the aims of the Filipinos? Filipinos wanted independence B What were the aims of the Americans? Americans wanted to govern the islands.

18. FILIPINOS REBEL Filipinos reacted with rage to the American annexation Rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo vowed to fight for freedom and in 1899 he led a rebellion The 3-year war claimed 20,000 Filipino rebels, 4,000 American lives and $400,000,000 (20x the price the U.S. paid for the land) U.S. troops fire on rebels

19. SECTION 3 Filipinos Rebel • Aftermath of the War • U.S. president appoints governor who appoints upper house • - people elect lower house • July 4, 1946, Philippines become independent NEXT

20. SECTION 3 Foreign Influence in China • U.S. Interest in China • U.S. sees China as vast potential market, investment opportunity • France, Britain, Japan, Russia have settlements, spheres of influence Continued . . . NEXT

21. FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN CHINA China was a vast potential market for American products Weakened by war and foreign intervention, many European countries had colonized in China In 1889, John Hay, U.S. Secretary of State, issued the Open Door Policy which outlined his plan for free trade among nations in China Foreign nations were opening the door to China’s trade

22. SECTION 3 Foreign Influence in China • John Hay’s Open Door Notes • U.S. Secretary of State John Hay issues Open Door notes • Notes ask imperialist nations to share trading rights with U.S. • Other powers reluctantly agree Continued . . . NEXT

23. SECTION 3 continuedForeign Influence in China The Boxer Rebellion in China • Europeans dominate most large Chinese cities • Chinese form secret societies, including Boxers, to expel foreigners • Boxers kill hundreds of foreigners, Chinese converts to Christianity • U.S., Britain, France, Germany, Japan put down Boxer Rebellion NEXT

24. BOXER REBELLION European nations dominated China’s cities Resentment arose in the form of secret societies determined to rid China of these “foreign devils” The Boxer’s were a secret group that rioted in 1900, killing and vandalizing all things foreign Foreign Troops were called in to put down this “Boxer Rebellion”

25. Chapter 10 Section 3Guided Reading: What violent events affected its relationship with the U.S.? Puerto Rico 1898-1916 Spanish-American War Cuba 1989-1903 Spanish-American War The Philippines 1898-1945 Spanish-American War; Phillipine-American War China 1900 Boxer Rebellion

26. SECTION 3 continuedForeign Influence in China • Protecting American Rights • Hay issues new Open Door notes saying U. S. will keep trade open • Open Door policy reflects beliefs about U.S. economy: • - growth depends on exports • - U.S. has right to keep markets open • - closing of area threatens U.S. survival NEXT

27. AMERICANS PROTECT RIGHTS IN ASIA After the Boxer Rebellion, John Hay again issued a series of Open Door Policies These policies reflected American beliefs in the importance of exports, the right of America to intervene to keep foreign markets open, and the belief that America’s survival depended on access to foreign markets

28. Chapter 10 Section 3 C – Why did the Secretary of State John Hay issue the policy statements known as the Open Door notes? To protect American access to Chinese markets and to help maintain the independence of China.

29. SECTION 3 The Impact of U.S. Territorial Gains • The Anti-Imperialist League • McKinley’s reelection confirms most Americans favor imperialism • Anti-Imperialist League has prominent people from different fields • For various reasons, agree wrong to rule others without their consent NEXT

30. Chapter 10 Section 3Guided Reading: Why was the U.S. Interested in events in Puerto Rico? Puerto Rico was seen as a gateway to safeguard the Panama Canal it envisioned being built.