Acknowledgments Research Mentor: Gyda Swaney and Kari Harris Funding: The National Cancer Institute and The Bridges P

1. Is parental smoking associated with current smoking in Native Americans? Raphael Biglefthand University of Montana, Project Bridges and The Department of Psychology Abstract Tobacco use by Native Americans has become a large problem. Of all ethnic groups, Native Americans have the largest tobacco related deaths in the country. A self administered tobacco survey was given to the local Native community. Their responses were entered onto a database using SPSS. • Discussion and Conclusions • Parents who smoke may want to consider quitting to help protect their children from becoming smokers. • If this study is accurate, then the health services could promote awareness and that may reduce the high percentage of smoking among ethnic groups. • Limitations of this study include that it was conducted in an urban area and there are other factors that contribute to smoking. • Data from future studies conducted on and off reservations could be combined with these data so that the evidence could be more conclusive. • Introduction • Tobacco Tobacco use among Americans has become a huge problem word-wide • use is one of the leading causes of death (Figure 1) • American Indians/Alaska Natives have the highest smoking rate among ethnic groups in the United states (Table 2) • HYPOTHESIS: Offspring of parents who smoke are more likely to smoke. • Results • Survey from 98 participants contained complete data and were used for this analysis. • More people who had a parent who smoked were current smokers compared to people whose parent(s) did not smoke (Table 3) • Smoking rate was 64.2% among those who had a parent who smoked • Smoking rate was 54.8% among those who did not have a parent who smoked McGinnis J, JAMA 1993, 270:2202-2212 Figure 1. Real causes of death • Materials and Methods • Self-administered, paper-and-pencil survey with 153 questions • Administered to 114 Native Americans 18 years and older at the Missoula Indian Center • Responses entered into a database and summarized using SPSS • The University of Montana Human Subject’s committee and the Missoula Indian Center board approved this study and its procedures • Current Study: • Used 3 questions (Table 2) • Smokers were defined as those who smoked on one or more days using Q5 • Combined Q40 and Q41 into one binary variable, “parents smoke” (Yes/No) Table 2. Questions in current study Q5. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke? Q40. How often does your father smoke cigarettes? Q41. How often does your father smoke cigarettes? Table 1. Percent Smokers by ethnicity (CDC, 2003) Whites 24% African Americans 22.3% Hispanics 16.7% American Indians/ 32.7% Alaska Natives Asian Americans 12.4% Literature Cited Davis SM, Reid R. Practicing participatory research in American Indian communities. Am J Clin Nutr. Apr. 1999;(4 Suppl): 755S-759S. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing Tobacco Use: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, center for Disease Control and prevention, National center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2000 • Table 3. Smoking status by parental smoking • Parent Smoking Status • Smoke Smoker Non-smoker • Yes 64.2% 35.8% • No 54.8% 45.2% Acknowledgments Research Mentor: Gyda Swaney and Kari Harris Funding: The National Cancer Institute and The Bridges Program Site: Missoula Indian Center Figure 2. Survey administration