U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Policy and Program Update

1. U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Policy and Program Update Briefing to the International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems United Nations Vienna, Austria November 1, 2006 Michael Shaw, Director U.S. National Coordination Office for Space-based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT)

2. Overview • Current Constellation & Performance • Modernization Plans • International Cooperation • National Space-Based PNT Executive Committee • Summary

3. Current Constellation 30 Operational Satellites (Baseline Constellation: 24) • 16 Block II/IIA satellites operational • 12 Block IIR satellites operational • Modernizing 6 remaining Block IIR satellites • 2 Block IIR-M satellites operational • Transmitting new second civil signal (L2C) • Continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch need • New IIR-M satellite launched – Sep 06 • Next launch: November 2006 • Global GPS civil service performance commitment met continuously since 1993

4. GPS Single Frequency Performance Standard Decreasing range error Signal in Space RMS URE: Root Mean Square User Range Error System accuracy far exceeds current standard

5. Nationwide Differential GPS Wide Area Augmentation System Continuous Reference Stations Local Area Augmentation System Global Differential GPS System U.S. Augmentations

6. Overview • Current Constellation & Performance • Modernization Plans • International Cooperation • National Space-Based PNT Executive Committee • Summary

7. Benefits of GPS Modernization • System-wide service improvements in: • Accuracy • Availability • Integrity • Reliability • Backward compatibility • Robustness against interference • Improved indoor, mobile, and urban use • Interoperability with other GNSS constellations

8. Modernized GPS – Civil Signals • Second civil signal (“L2C”) • Designed to meet commercial needs • Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction • Higher effective power and improved data structure reduce interference, speed up signal acquisition, enable miniaturization of receivers, may enable indoor use • Began with GPS Block IIR-M in Sep 2005 • Third civil signal (“L5”) • Designed to meet demanding requirements for transportation safety (safety-of-life) • Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service (ARNS) band • Begins with GPS Block IIF • First launch: ~2008 • Fourth civil signal (“L1C”) • Designed with international partners to enable GNSS interoperability • Begins with GPS Block III • First launch: ~2013

9. GPS III • Next-generation satellite bus needed to accommodate increasing power requirements • Revised acquisition strategy: • Development approach to reduce risk, increase flexibility • Separate contracts for space and ground segments • Civil benefits: • Provides operational capability for L2C and L5 • In combination with GPS IIR-M and IIF satellites • Delivers L1C for interoperability with Galileo, QZSS • Significant increase in system accuracy • Improved availability of accuracy with integrity

10. Overview • Current Constellation & Performance • Modernization Plans • International Cooperation • National Space-Based PNT Executive Committee • Summary

11. U.S. International Cooperation • U.S. Government has engaged in formal cooperative arrangements with Europe, Japan, and Russia since 1996 • To ensure compatibility (non-interference) and interoperability with foreign systems • To maintain and promote a level playing field in the global market • Additional efforts ongoing with Australia, India, Brazil and others • Multilateral cooperation established through U.N. International Committee on GNSS • As well as ICAO, IMO, and NATO

12. Provide civil GPS and augmentations free of direct user fees on a continuous, worldwide basis Seek to ensure international systems are interoperable, or at a minimum, are compatible, with civil GPS and augmentations Improve performance of civil GPS and augmentations to meet or exceed that of international systems Provide open, free access to information needed to develop equipment U.S. International Cooperation Outlined in 2004 U.S. National Policy on Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT)

13. Overview • Current Constellation & Performance • Modernization Plans • International Cooperation • National Space-Based PNT Executive Committee • Summary

14. National Space-Based PNT Executive Committee • National Space-Based PNT Executive Committee established in 2004 U.S. Policy • Chaired by Deputy Secretaries of Defense and Transportation • Membership includes: State, Commerce, Homeland Security, JCS and NASA • Supported by a new National Coordination Office • National Coordination Office (NCO) was established with staff from each member agency • Director, Deputy Director, and 6 staff

15. National Space-Based PNT Organizational Structure WHITE HOUSE Defense Transportation NATIONALSPACE-BASED PNT EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation State ADVISORYBOARD Sponsor: NASA Commerce Homeland Security Joint Chiefs of Staff COORDINATIONOFFICE Host: Commerce NASA

16. Key Executive Committee Actions • 5-Year National Space-Based PNT Plan • Plan is in draft and FY08 program assessment is in progress • Interference Detection and Mitigation Plan • Department of Homeland Security coordinating U.S. capabilities to detect and mitigate sources of interference to GPS and its augmentations • National Space-based PNT Architecture • Led by DoD’s National Security Space Office and DOT’s Research and Innovative Technology Administration • In 2006, Executive Committee has met four times • Last meeting held October 27

17. U.S. Space-Based PNT Advisory Board • Board will conduct assessments and make recommendations to accomplish policy goals and objectives • As tasked by the Executive Committee • NASA is hosting Advisory Board • Board established with membership being finalized • Includes 6 international members • First meeting projected for Feb 07

18. Web-based Information • PNT.gov established to disseminate information on the U.S. National Executive Committee • Contains information on Membership, Policy, the Advisory Board, frequently asked questions, and recent public presentations • www.GPS.gov established to disseminate information on GPS applications • Brochure on GPS applications available in hardcopy upon request • Contains additional links to various other websites

19. PNT.gov

20. www.GPS.gov

21. Overview • Current Constellation & Performance • Modernization Plans • International Cooperation • National Space-Based Executive Committee • Summary

22. Summary • Implementing U.S. National Space-Based PNT Policy • Coordination Office activated on 1 Nov 05 • Executive Committee meeting regularly • U.S. policy encourages and promotes worldwide use of civil GPS and augmentations • Compatibility and Interoperability with other GNSS systems • International coordination and cooperation is a U.S. priority • Strongly support International Committee on GNSS • GPS performance is getting better and will continue to improve • Augmentations enable high performance today • First new GPS signal now available • Additional improvements will continue in the future

23. Contact Information Michael E. Shaw Director U.S. National Coordination Office for Space-Based PNT 14th and Constitution Ave, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20230 Ph: (202) 482-5809 Fax: (202) 482-4429 Michael.Shaw@pnt.gov Presentation and other GPS information available: www.PNT.gov

24. BACKUPS

25. GPS Modernization Program Increasing System Capabilities w Increasing Defense / Civil Benefit Block IIA/IIR Block IIR-M, IIF Block III • Basic GPS • Standard Service • Single frequency (L1) • Coarse acquisition (C/A) code navigation • Precise Service • Y-Code (L1Y & L2Y) • Y-Code navigation • IIR-M: IIA/IIR capabilities plus • 2nd civil signal (L2C) • M-Code (L1M & L2M) • IIF: IIR-M capability plus • 3rd civil signal (L5) • Anti-jam flex power • Backward compatibility • 4th civil signal (L1C) • Increased accuracy • Increased anti-jam power • Assured availability • Increased security • System survivability