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27.4

27.4. British Imperialism in India. British Expansion and Control over India. Began 1600s 1757: East Indian Company (EIC) troops defeat Indian forces (Battle of Plassey) EIC controls India until 1858

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27.4

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  1. 27.4 British Imperialism in India

  2. British Expansion and Control over India • Began 1600s • 1757: East Indian Company (EIC) troops defeat Indian forces (Battle of Plassey) • EIC controls India until 1858 • Governs directly and indirectly between Bangladesh, southern India, nearly all territory along Ganges River in north • EIC has own army led by Sepoys, Indian soldiers • British gov. does not interfere with company • Regulates from London and India • India major supplier of natural resources • Population a major market for goods • Considered “Jewel in the crown” • British prevented Indian economy from operating on its own • India produced raw materials • Indians prohibited from competing with British goods • British cloth flooded India

  3. Transportation • Railroad network in India • Transports raw goods from interior to ports • Tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, jute • Trade of resources linked to international events • Crimean and U.S. civil wars increase jute and cotton production

  4. Colonialism’s Impact • Benefits result in modernization : • Laying of world’s 3rd largest railway • Modern road network • Telephone and telegraph lines • Dams, bridges, irrigation canals • Negative Effects: • British held political and economic control • British restrict Indian-owned industry • Cash crops restrict land usage (food) cause famine • Hands off-policy (religions and social customs) • Missionaries threaten traditional way of life

  5. Sepoy Mutiny • Threat of Christianity leads to rebellion • Constant British racism • Resentment and nationalism increases • Guns, pork, and meat • Sepoys refuse to accept cartridges • Jailed • Soldiers rebel and capture Delhi • Hindu vs. Muslim • Hindus prefer British rule over Muslim • Sikhs remain loyal to British

  6. Impact of Mutiny • British take direct control of India (1858) • Area of India under direct control called Raj • Raj refers to the British rule b/t 1757-1947 • Independent Indian states (center) remained free • Fueled racist attitudes of British • Increased distrust between British and Indians • 1919 Amritsar Massacre: "The incident in Jallian Wala Bagh was 'an extraordinary event, a monstrous event, an event which stands in singular and sinister isolation"...Winston Churchill • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XE9_zB8k_lk

  7. Nationalism Surfaces • Indians demand more control and modernization • Ram Mohum Roy “father of modern India” • Modern-thinking • Wants to move away from tradition • Caste system and arranged marriages need changing • Calls for the adoption of western “ways” of life • Nationalism • Second class citizens in own country • Groups form: • Indian National Congress (1885) • Muslim League (1906) • Division of Bengal • British divide area into Muslim/Hindu areas • Acts of terrorism by both sides break out

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