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Business Data Communications, Fourth Edition

Business Data Communications, Fourth Edition. Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks. Learning Objectives. Describe the topologies used in wide area networks and metropolitan area networks

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Business Data Communications, Fourth Edition

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  1. Business Data Communications, Fourth Edition Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks

  2. Learning Objectives • Describe the topologies used in wide area networks and metropolitan area networks • Explain the use of IBM’s System Network Architecture (SNA) and how it relates to today’s communications environments • Define Systems Application Architecture (SAA) and how it is used in a wide area network Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 2

  3. Learning Objectives • Describe the use of Digital Network Architecture (DNA) • Illustrate the differences among the layered architectures of SNA, SAA, DNA, and the OSI model • Explain the concepts of electronic commerce and business-to-business initiatives Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 3

  4. Learning Objectives • Explain how electronic data interchange (EDI) uses wide area networks • Describe the use of metropolitan area networks in the corporate environment Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 4

  5. Introduction • Wide area networks are used to connect remote devices • Provides connections between customers and suppliers, WANs and LANs • Remote programmers connected to mainframe computers via WANs • Global networks • Metropolitan area networks use some LAN technologies and some WAN technology Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 5

  6. Network Connections • Point-to-Point Connections • Server to client • Remote clients • Computer to computer • Console system terminals • Channel – connects FEP to server Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 6

  7. Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 7

  8. Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 8

  9. Network Connections • Multipoint Connections • Many remote clients connected to a server • Modem and/or concentrator used • Less costly than point-to-point Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 9

  10. Figure 8-4. Multipoint Lines. Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 10

  11. Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 11

  12. Topologies • Wide Area Network Topologies • Hierarchical Topology • Used in traditional mainframe networks • Looks similar to an organization chart • Server (mainframe) at top • Several layers below • Used in large corporate networks Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 12

  13. Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 13

  14. Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 14

  15. Topologies • Wide Area Network Topology • Star Network • Central node is the server • All clients connected through point-to-point lines • Private Branch Exchange (PBX) is example Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 15

  16. Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 16

  17. Topologies • Wide Area Network Topology • Ring Networks • Servers in the WAN are connected in a ring • Local environment may be other topologies Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 17

  18. Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 18

  19. Topologies • Metropolitan Area Network Topologies • Larger than LANs, smaller than WANs • Bus Topology • Single wire connecting all devices • Uses either fiber optic or coaxial cable • Ring Topology • Uses Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 19

  20. Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 20

  21. Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 21

  22. Systems Network Architecture • IBM product • Used on S/390 systems • Used hierarchical topology (called a subarea network) • Peer networks now supported as well • IBM developed the standards for WAN architectures Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 22

  23. Systems Network Architecture • Advanced Program-to-Program Communication (APPC) • Used for peer networks • AKA LU 6.2 • Describes a common set of protocols used across multiple systems Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 23

  24. Systems Application Architecture • Standards for use among many types of IBM computers • Facilitates Enterprise Computing • Has three characteristics: • Common User Access (user interface) • Common Programming Interface for Communications (programs run on different platforms) • Common Communications Support (multiple systems can communicate effectively) • The SAA Layered Model • Deals only with software, so no physical layer exists Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 24

  25. Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 25

  26. Digital Network Architecture • Architecture used by Digital Equipment Corporation computers (now Compaq) • Has evolved over the years to a peer network • DNA Structured Model • Has eight layers • Many hardware platforms need to communicate • Enterprise Virtual Intelligent Switched Networks (enVISN) Architecture • Open network architecture • A look to the future of networks Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 26

  27. Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 27

  28. Electronic Commerce • Building business relationships over the Internet • Storefront retailers often now have Web sites to sell products • Requirements to participate • Web address • Server • Technical support personnel • Security of on-line transactions Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 28

  29. Data Warehousing • Collection of data from many sources • Legacy systems • On-line systems • New client/server systems • Data mining • Finding information my getting more details about a particular subject • Provides fast access to data • Applications • Corporate data • AOL Moviefone – movie information Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 29

  30. Business-to-Business (B2B) Initiatives • Retailers buying from wholesalers • Many B2B initiatives using the Internet • Examples • US Office Products • Direct link to their supplier (United Stationers) • BOC Group • Customers build orders based on contracts, patterns are supplied to make ordering easier Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 30

  31. Electronic Data Interchange • Exchange of orders/invoices directly between two computers • Components of EDI • Computer • Network • Software • Application Program – Order entry, accounts payable, etc. • Network Software – Delivers data to proper system • Translation Software – Converts data to a form that the application program recognizes Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 31

  32. Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 32

  33. Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 33

  34. Electronic Data Interchange • eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and EDI • Internet Programming Standard • Allows different computers to exchange data • Allows easy manipulation of data • XML defines the content of the data • Will complement EDI in the future Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 34

  35. Electronic Data Interchange • Components of EDI • Need a computer, a connection to a network, software • Types of software • Application program • Network software • Translation software Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 35

  36. Electronic Data Interchange • EDI Standards • ANSI X.12 • Defines data fields • Used in the United States • Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce, and Transport (EDIFACT) • Used in Europe and Canada Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 36

  37. Electronic Data Interchange • Advantages of EDI • Reduces the amount of paper generated • Reduces cost of transactions • Physical documents cost more than electronic ones • Eliminates re-entry of data • Mailing costs are reduced • Faster transmission of document • Fewer data-entry errors • Security of documents is better Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 37

  38. Metropolitan Area Network Implementations • MAN Layered Architecture • Similar to layered model for LANs • Uses only the bottom two layers of OSI model • Municipal MAN • Connect offices throughout a city • School District MAN • Connects schools and administrative offices Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 38

  39. Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 39

  40. Summary • WANs used to connect computers, terminals, LANs • Point-to-point versus multipoint connections • Topologies • SNA designed for WANs by IBM • SAA used as common interface and programming language among platforms Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 40

  41. Summary • DNA is Digital Equipment’s layered architecture • Electronic commerce and data warehousing are used more widely in today’s business environment • EDI connects suppliers and customers via WANs • Metropolitan area networks have many applications in different environments Chapter 8: Wide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks 41

  42. Chapter 8 Complete

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