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mRNA Codes for Amino Acids

Read second letter here. Read first letter here. Read third letter here. Second Letter. First Letter. Third Letter. mRNA Codes for Amino Acids. mRNA. Amino acids. Ribosomes. tRNA. Translation.

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mRNA Codes for Amino Acids

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  1. Read second letter here Read first letter here Read third letter here Second Letter First Letter Third Letter mRNA Codes for Amino Acids

  2. mRNA Amino acids Ribosomes tRNA Translation • Translation is the process of building a polypeptide chain from amino acids, guided by the sequence of codons on the mRNA. • Structures involved in translation: • Messenger RNA • TransferRNA • Ribosomes (rRNA) • Amino acids Rough endoplasmic reticulum

  3. Amino acid attachment site The anticodon is complementary to the codon on the mRNA molecule Anticodon Transfer RNA molecule tRNA • tRNAmolecule • There is a specific tRNA molecule for each type of codon. • The anticodon is the site of the 3-base sequence that matches up with the codon on the mRNA molecule.

  4. Initiator tRNA Small ribosomal unit attaches Ribosomes move in this direction Translation: Initiation • The first initiation stage of translation brings together mRNA, a tRNA, and the two ribosomal subunits. tRNA mRNA P site A site Ribosome

  5. UnloadedtRNA Growing polypeptide P site A site Translation: Elongation • In the elongation stage of translation, amino acids are added one by one by tRNAs as the ribosome moves along the mRNA. There are three steps: • The correct tRNA binds to the A site on the ribosome. • A peptide bond forms between adjacent amino acids. • The tRNA at the E site is released and a new tRNA comes into the A site. tRNA mRNA 5’

  6. Completed polypeptide Translation: Termination • The final stage of protein synthesis (termination) occurs when the ribosome reaches a stop codon. Completed polypeptide is released • The ribosomal units then fallapart so that they can be recycled.

  7. Overview of Translation Polypeptide chain Growing polypeptide Start codon Ribosome mRNA Ribosomes moving in this direction

  8. c mRNA molecule Processes Involved With Protein Synthesis tRNA recharged with amino acid Adding nucleotides to create mRNA Unloaded tRNA leaves translation complex Unwinding DNA molecule RNA polymerase tRNA with amino acid is drawn into the ribosome DNA molecule rewinds mRNA moves to cytoplasm tRNA adds amino acid to growing polypeptide Cytoplasm Nucleus

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