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Topic 2.5 Cell division

Topic 2.5 Cell division. 2.5.1 Cell Cycle. 2.5.2 Uncontrolled cell division: tumour cells. The cell division cycle is regulated in a number of ways. Certain agents can damage these regulatory elements.

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Topic 2.5 Cell division

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  1. Topic 2.5 Cell division

  2. 2.5.1 Cell Cycle

  3. 2.5.2 Uncontrolled cell division: tumour cells The cell division cycle is regulated in a number of ways. Certain agents can damage these regulatory elements. When this happen, uncontrolled cell division can occur resulting in the formation of tumours.

  4. 2.5.2 Uncontrolled cell division: tumours cells

  5. 2.5.3 Interphase MITOTIC PHASE S OF INTERPHASE G2 OF INTERPHASE

  6. 2.5.4 The phases of Mitosis: Prophase • Chromosomes supercoil and become visible • The spindle of microtubules forms from the MTOC (microtubule organizing centre) • In animal cell, the centrioles divide and move to opposite ends (poles) of the nucleus. • In plant cells, there are no centrioles and the spindle microtubules forms independently. • Each chromosome consists of two chromatids held together by the centromere. • Nuclear envelop breaks down. MTOC (pair centrioles)

  7. 2.5.4 The phases of Mitosis: Metaphase Spindlemicrotubules attaches to the chromosomes by means of the centromere. Chromosomes are moved to the equator of the cell,

  8. 2.5.4 The phases of Mitosis: Anaphase The pair of sister chromatids separate and the spindle microtubules pull them towards opposite poles of the cell.

  9. 2.5.4 The phases of Mitosis: Telophase The chromatids have now reached the poles and can be regarded as distinct chromosomes. The nuclear envelop forms around each group of chromosomes. Chromosomes uncoil The cytoplasm divide by a process called Cytokinesis.

  10. Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm division

  11. 2.5.5 Explain how mitosis produce two genetically identical nuclei

  12. 2.5.6 Why do cells divide? Asexual Reproduction Growth & Embryonic Development Tissue Renewal Tissue renewal. This dividing bone marrow cells (arrow) will give rise to new blood cells. Growth & Development. A sand dollar embryo shortly after the fertilized egg divided forming two cells. Reproduction. An ameba, a single-celled eukaryote, is dividing into two cells. Each new cell will be an individual organism

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