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Covalent Bonding

Covalent Bonding. Sharing on an atomic level. Why do Atoms bond?. Gain Stability Ionic bonds gain stability by gaining or losing electrons. What happens if the pull isn’t strong enough to take or give up an electron?. Covalent bonding Results from sharing valence electrons.

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Covalent Bonding

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  1. Covalent Bonding Sharing on an atomic level

  2. Why do Atoms bond? • Gain Stability • Ionic bonds gain stability by gaining or losing electrons. • What happens if the pull isn’t strong enough to take or give up an electron?

  3. Covalent bonding • Results from sharing valence electrons. • The pull isn’t enough to take the electron away. • Forms a Molecule • Two or more elements bonded together.

  4. How many bonds A single bond is formed when one pair of electrons is shared between Two elements. • Group 17 • Single bond • To another non-metallic element • Group 16 • 2 single bonds • Group 15 • 3 single bonds • Group 14 • 4 single bonds

  5. The sigma bond • Single bonds are called sigma bonds • σ bonds can be the overlap between two s orbitals or two p orbitals or and s and p.

  6. Homework For Thursday please practice drawing covalent bonds for the following On page 244 1-5 PH3 H2S HCl CCl4 SiH4

  7. Multiple bonds • The double bond • Have you ever thought about the difference between the oxygen we breath and ozone? • They both are made of only oxygen atoms, but they are different. • It has to do with how they bond.

  8. The difference is the double bond O2 O3

  9. Why? • How does it happen? • Take the next minute and a half and talk to your table partner about it. • Ideas?

  10. A second option • In ionic bonds it was about equalizing charges. • In covalent bonds it is about making paired electrons • If an atom is able to make a single bond and they both still have an unpaired electron. Which makes more sense to have both of them try to find another atom or for them to pair again with each other?

  11. Triple bonds • A bond that is formed by sharing three pairs of electrons. • This can only happen if all three pairs are on the atom. • N and C families

  12. Pi bond • A σ bond was for a single bond • A π bond is formed for any double or triple bond. • They look driftnet because they cannot occupy the same space.

  13. Shapes • What is happening in the process of bonding? • Electrons are coming together. They are all – charged and so they repel each other. • So they are going to get as far away from each other as possible and still stay connected to the atoms.

  14. So lets visualize • Ionic bonds- Girls are Cations and Boys are Anions. Every one has a 1 charge. • Covalent bonds Girls are carbons and Boys are hydrogens. Pair up

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