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Comparison of High School , Undergraduate and Graduate Students on their Procrastination Prevalence and Reasons

Comparison of High School , Undergraduate and Graduate Students on their Procrastination Prevalence and Reasons. By Bilge Uzun Ozer M iddle E ast T echnical U niversity. procrastination? academic procrastination?. What is.

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Comparison of High School , Undergraduate and Graduate Students on their Procrastination Prevalence and Reasons

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  1. Comparison of High School, Undergraduate and Graduate Students on their Procrastination Prevalence and Reasons By Bilge Uzun Ozer Middle East Technical University Middle East Technical University, Turkey

  2. procrastination? academic procrastination? What is • Every person has task to perform, but for one reason or another, completion of these task is often postponed. • The general propensity to engage in such dilatory behavior is called procrastination. • In their academic settings, students have such tasks as • writing term papers, • studying for exams, • reading weekly assignments, • academic administrative tasks, • attending tasks and/or • school activities in general. • Being postponed of an academic task to another indefinite time is called academic procrastination. Middle East Technical University, Turkey

  3. HS? UG? GR? Prevalence Undergraduates 70% of college students more often when writing term papers (46%) than reading weekly assignments (30%) studying for examinations (28%) High School Stds Significant problem No sytematic study conducted on procrastination prevalence Graduates Significant problem more often when weekly reading assignments (60%) than writing a term paper (42%) studying for examinations (39%) Middle East Technical University, Turkey

  4. HS? UG? GR? Reasons Undergraduates Fear of Failure & Task Aversiveness High School Stds Test Anxiety Graduates Perfectionism Middle East Technical University, Turkey

  5. Significance UNDERGRADUATE HIGH SCHOOL COMPARISON? GRADUATE Middle East Technical University, Turkey

  6. Purpose Hence, the present research attempts to expand the earlier focus by looking at the levels, prevalence and the reasons for academic procrastination on high school, undergraduate and graduate students Middle East Technical University, Turkey

  7. Method Participants Total of 447 students (247 female, 200 male) Average age = 20.4 (SD = 4.5, R = 15-32) UNDERGRADUATE HIGH SCHOOL 150 (80 female, 70 male) M = 20.4, SD = 1.71 R = 17-26 149 (83 female, 66 male) M = 15.5, SD = .56 R = 15-17 GRADUATE 148 (84 female, 64 male) M = 25.5, SD = 2.32 R = 22-32 Middle East Technical University, Turkey

  8. Method Data Collection Instrument The Procrastination Assessment Scale-Student Part2 Reasons of Procrastination Part1 Prevalence of Procrastination • 26 items • List a variety of 13 possible reasons; • Evaluation anxiety • Perfectionism • Difficulty in making decision • Dependency and help seeking • Aversiveness of task • Lack of self confidence • Laziness • Lack of assertion • Fear of success • Rebellion against control • Risk taking • Tendency to feel overwhelmed and • poorly manage time • Peer influence • 18 items • 6 areas of academic functioning: • Writing a term paper • Studying for an exam • Reading weekly assignments • Academic administrative task • Attandance task • School activities in general Middle East Technical University, Turkey

  9. Frequency of Procrastination Results Mean (SD) Procrastinator Non-procrastinator Gender High School n = 149 17.2 (4.3) 53% 47%. No Sign. Diff. Undergraduate n = 150 53% 47% 20.2 (3.8) No Sign. Diff. Graduate n = 148 39% 18.5 4.5 61% No Sign. Diff. Middle East Technical University, Turkey

  10. Prevalence of Procrastination Results Writing Term Paper Studying for Exam Reading Assignments High School 27% 38%. 30% Undergraduate 47% 56% 52% Graduate 40% 39% 32% Middle East Technical University, Turkey

  11. Reasons of Procrastination Results High School Undergraduate Graduate Perfectionism Lack of Assertion Fear of Failure Rebellion against control Aversiveness of Task Risk Taking Risk Taking Laziness Laziness Middle East Technical University, Turkey

  12. Comparison Results Mean (SD) Procrastinator Non-procrastinator Gender High School n = 149 17.2 (4.3) 53% 47%. No Sign. Diff. Undergraduate n = 150 53% 47% 20.2 (3.8) No Sign. Diff. Graduate n = 148 39% 18.5 (4.5) 61% No Sign. Diff. Middle East Technical University, Turkey

  13. Discussion • The purpose of the present research was to assess the difference among… • Turkish version of Procrastination Assessment Scale-Student… • The results of the descriptive statistics performed on each group showed that the undergraduates are the highest procrastinating group… • …and the high school participants procrastinate less than the other two groups of students • …finding revealed no gender difference on procrastination levels… Middle East Technical University, Turkey

  14. Discussion • ...prevalence of procrastination among three groups was assessed on three areas of academic functioning… • …while high school and undergraduate participants procrastinated more when studying for an exam, graduates procrastinated writing term paper… • …students procrastinates the tasks that might have greatest impact on their academic performance… • …that “this task is likely to be viewed as most important by students”… Middle East Technical University, Turkey

  15. Discussion • The reason why students procrastinate was also evaluated as one of the aims of the present research.… • …high school students engaged in academic procrastination due to their perfectionism tendencies, reason of rebellion against control, taking the risk and their laziness … • undergraduates which are the highest procrastinating group engaged frequently in procrastination for the reason of lack of assertion and aversiveness of task … • …Graduate participants reported to be procrastinator due to their fearing of failureand taking the risk … • …the present findings showed similarity to previous findings regarding the reasons of procrastination … Middle East Technical University, Turkey

  16. Limitations & Suggestions • … random selection would strengthen the findings of the study .… • …reasons of academic procrastination were assessed by using the second part of the PASS … • further research involving diverse samples within demographical and psychological variables might provide the actual results … Middle East Technical University, Turkey

  17. Thanks for your Attendance Bilge Uzun Ozer ozbilge@metu.edu.tr Middle East Technical University, Turkey

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