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Enforcing Immigration Law

Enforcing Immigration Law. A presentation prepared for the COMPAS conference at Ohio State University , May 10 – 12, 2012 Doris Marie Provine. An argument in 3 parts :. R elevance of race / ethnicity in immigration enforcement .

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Enforcing Immigration Law

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  1. EnforcingImmigrationLaw

    Apresentationpreparedforthe COMPAS conference at Ohio StateUniversity, May 10 – 12, 2012 Doris Marie Provine
  2. Anargument in 3 parts: Relevance of race/ethnicity in immigrationenforcement. Role of courts in identifying racial bias in enforcement. Avoidingracializedenforcement of immigrationlaw.
  3. Theearlyyears–FongYueTing v. US
  4. US position pro exclusion Itisnowgenerally conceded thatthemostinsidious and dangerousenemiestotheState are notthearmedforceswho invade ourterritory, butthosealienraceswho are incapable of assimilation, and come amongustodebaseour labor and poisonthehealth and morals of thecommunities in whichtheylocate.
  5. Deportation - a racial project? Uneasewitherosion of traditionalracial hierarchies? Involvediscretionaryenforcementby rules of thumb, habitsthatexcludesome? Fueledbydifferences in surveillance and agencyhype? Unwillingnesstoconsider racial impact? Perpetuate ideas aboutdifferencethatjustifyharshenforcement?
  6. Ourcurrentunwantedaliens Border with MX has 21,000 agents (85% of total) 10 arrests/person/2011 (123,286). 6000 deathssince 1995 policies in place. 40% of unauthorizedimmigrantsdid NOT crossanyborderillegally. (Nordidthe 9/11 terrorists, whowere in the US legally.) Wetolerate US BorderGuardunder neo-Nazi leadership (armedwithsemi-automatic rifles)
  7. “Immigrationisprettymuchunarguablythe No. 1 recruitingelement in the White supremacistworld” Bill Straus, Anti Def. League)
  8. Both federal and local programsover-selectMexicannationalsfordeportation Deported Illegallypresent 56% from MX or CA 6% from Can orEur. 13% from Asia orPac. Is. 79% from MX or CA 1% from Can orEur. 2% from Asia orPac. Is.
  9. Interior enforcement Criminal AlienProgram: Mexicans = 28% of foreignborn in US 78% of criminal aliens NationalFugitiveOperationsProgram: Racial profiling? 73% no prior criminal conviction Massiveviolations of searchrights Collatoralarrestsoutstriptargettedarrests
  10. Racializationthroughdevolution 287g Program–authorizedbothjail and patrolimmigrationenforcementwith no controlson racial profiling. Sheriff Arpaio wasanenthusiastic fan. Althoughonlyadoptedby 88 jurisdictions, itchanged local enforcement. 2006 – 67,000 deportedfrom local arrests 2007 – 164,000 2008 – 220,000
  11. Accordingto ICESecureCommunities in 2011: 29% of thosedeportedhadbeenconvicted of onlyminorcrimes. 26% had no criminal records.
  12. Racializationthroughdevolution SecureCommunities– ICE saysit REDUCES racial profiling, cf Travis Co., TX 82% are non-criminals. Maricopa Co., AZ, 54% non-criminals. Nationally, 26% Thesenumbers are notdeclining(TRAC)
  13. Andthey’renotalone… St. Lucie FL 79% Yavapai AZ 74% Tarrant TX 73% Broward FL 71% Suffolk, MA 68% Hillsborough FL 66% Miami-Dade FL 66& Pima AZ 65% Wake NC 64% Collin, TX 63% San Diego, CA 63%
  14. Accordingtothe PEW Hispanic Trust 1 in 10 Latinos wrequestionedbypolice in 2010 Home-grownexperiementswith local enforcement, e.g. New Jersey 68 arrests, 65 of whichwere Latino. 19 werepedestrians Mostly no reasoncited.
  15. Racializationthrough local legislation Arizona Legal WorkersAct (Employersanctions) – Targets Mexicanlow-wageworkersUpheld AZ anti human smugglinglaw– Sheriff Arpaio created a 250-person posseetohuntforbordercrossersUpheld 2006 – English AZ officiallanguageUpheld 2011 –Ethnicstudiesbanned in AZ schoolsToosoontotell.
  16. SB 1070 AKA: SupportourLawEnforcement and SafeNeighborhoodsAct Officialpolicy: Attritionthroughenforcement A politicalgodsend: Omnibuslawwithmanyprovisions
  17. Sheriff Arpaio SB 1070 makes no difference. I alreadyhavesufficientpowerunderstatelawtoarrestanyonewithoutpapers.
  18. Accordingto ICE: 29% of thosedeportedthroughSecureCommunities in 2011 hadbeenconvicted of onlyminorcrimes. 26% no criminal records.
  19. A variedpicture Mostcitieshave no officialpolicyorpreferdon’taskpolicy. Mosthave no writtenorunwrittenpolicy re immigrationenforcement. Only a minorityprovide training forofficers. Chiefsreportvariation in reportingaccoringtoseriousness of crime. Widespreadenthusiasmforcommunitypolicing v. Federaldisinterest.
  20. SB 1070 as presentedtothe US SupremeCourt NO allegation of racial profiling NO allegation of discriminatoryintent NO allegation of discriminationagainst Latino residentswith legal status
  21. Alsounmentioned: AZ requirementtoenforce federal immigrationlawtothemaximum. Provisionforany AZ citizentosuepoliceforinsufficientenforcement of imm. law. Banontransportingunauthorizedimmigrants.
  22. US didchallengewasAZ’srighttomakeimmigrationlaw “Show yourpapers” requirementupon a stop wheresuspicion of unauthorized status. Arrest and detainanyonedeportablew/o warrant. New statecrime of notcarryingpapers. New statecrime of solicitingemployment.
  23. Endingthis racial project Problem: Racial profilingisrationalifnumbers are themeasure of success Solution: Take interior enforcement off the agenda via: Anon-goingregularizationprogram Open workpermitsfortemporaryvisitors Reinstitutionalizecompassion in allcontested cases
  24. I’mwithher.
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