GREEN SURFACTANTS properties and performance of model green surfactant systems Jun Wu

1. GREEN SURFACTANTS properties and performance of model green surfactant systems Jun Wu Columbia University, USA. 1

2. Goals Define framework, criteria, metrics to measure greenness of surfactants Develop fundamental knowledgebase for structure behavior relationships of green surfactants Design synergistic mixtures of green surfactants and conventional ones for higher efficiency at lower dosage Design efficient greener surfactants and processing schemes for specific applications. 2

3. COLLABORATIVE CYCLE Consumer product companies Recommendation Supply Expectation Expectation Chemical suppliers Recommendation Feedback Universities Columbia IIT M NYU Supply 3

4. COLLABORATIVE CYCLE Screening Greener surfactants Fundamental study Why? How to improve? Benchmark Surfactant System Performance Evaluation LCA Information Less Efficient Equal/Better Performance Feasibility & Cost Evaluation Standard Methods Feedback Feedback Papers Patents Universities Recommendation 4

5. Greener Surfactant Review 5

6. Next Generation Greener Surfactants and Polymers BIOMATERIALS PRODUCED BY FERMENTATION Acyl Glutamate Sophorolipid Ester BIOCATALYZED SURFACTANTS Protease Catalyzed Alkyl oligo-peptide SYNTHESIZED FROM RENEWABLE STARTING MATERIALS Alkyl Polyglycoside (APG) BIOMATERIALS PRODUCED BY ALGAE Lipids . . . . Short term Long term 6

7. Benchmarks and Methods For Personal Care: Sodium Laurylether Sulfate Ammonium Lauryl Ether Sulfate CAPB APG For Home Care: Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Sodium Laurylether Sulfate Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate APG Fundamental study techniques Fluorescence FTIR NMR Raman AUC Zeta potential Wetability etc. Property evaluation methods: Static/Dynamic Surface Tension & CMC Foam Appearance Foam Stability Viscosity and Thickening Capabilities Toxicity Cleaning 7

8. Life Cycle Assessment • Major Environmental Impact • •Energy consumption • •Effect on global warming(emission of greenhouse gases) • •Effect on acidification (especially of rain) • •Effect on nutrient enrichment • •Effect on smog formation (emission of VOC) • Water consumption 8

9. COLLABORATIVE CYCLE Screening Greener surfactants Fundamental study Why? How to improve? Benchmark Surfactant System Performance Evaluation LCA Information Less Efficient Equal/Better Performance Feasibility & Cost Evaluation Patents Recommendation Papers Standard Methods Feedback Feedback Universities 9

10. Future Plan • Evaluate the performance of greener surfactants and mixtures against benchmarks • The performance of green surfactants should be superior or comparable to the benchmarks selected for application purposes in each industrial sector e.g., Personal Care • Household/Laundry • Mineral Processing • Understand mechanisms, synergism and compatibility • Control, leverage, and optimize based on fundamental mechanisms 10

11. Acknowledgements Work was supported by NSF-Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for Particulate & Surfactant Systems (CPaSS) Special thanks to Cognis for great help on samples & methods 11