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Alan Rector rector@cs.manchester.ac.uk

Ontologies for Terminologies, Knowledge Representation & Software: Benefits & Gaps (“Don’t make the tea”) (Only a part of Knowledge Representation). Alan Rector rector@cs.manchester.ac.uk. What I do…. Medical Terminologies ICD-11 SNOMED Quality Asssurance GALEN Tools

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Alan Rector rector@cs.manchester.ac.uk

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  1. Ontologies for Terminologies, Knowledge Representation & Software: Benefits & Gaps(“Don’t make the tea”)(Only a part of Knowledge Representation) • Alan Rectorrector@cs.manchester.ac.uk

  2. What I do… • Medical Terminologies • ICD-11 • SNOMED Quality Asssurance • GALEN • Tools • Protégé-OWL / CO-ODE • OPPL: patterns & scripts • OWL-Patch: diff/patch for OWL • HOBO: ontology driven architectures • Commercial clinical systems (Siemens Health) • Alternative User Facing User Interfaces • Ontology Driven Architectures for Clinical Systems • OWL Power users • And embedding of OWL in hybrid systems

  3. Some benefits • Composition “Burn has_site some (Foot that has_laterality some Left) & has_penetration some Full_thickness & has_extent …” • Avoid combinatorial explosion – • Smaller terminologies that say more • Support for expressions as well as names (“post-coordination”) • Express context • The “size of elephants” vs the “size of mice” • Coordinate hierarchies and index information • “Cancer”,”Family history of cancer”, “Treatment of cancer”, “Risk of cancer”, “Data structure for cancer”, “Data entry form for cancer”, “Pointer to rules for Cancer”, … • Explicitness • Can say precisely what concepts mean • Can generate text back to see if we have said what we meant • Often cuts costs by shortening meetings • Inferred poly-hierarchies / DAGs

  4. Some limitations • Standards do not support all the operations needed • Much information is hard to extract, e.g. ‘What do we know about Cancer?’ • Mixed queries: Lexical, semantics, annotaton, inference • Models of metadata and annotation • Engineering tools limited (“ODEs” are not yet adequate) • The life cycle from elicitation to testing to implementation to revision, version management… • Imports can only add, not over-ride • User facing “intermediate representations”, patterns, and transformations • “Hardening” - how to make a brittle technology predictable • Relation to Software Engineering ill defined • Template-based formalisms (UML, Frames) • Java object models • informal representations – SKOS, linked data, RDF(S) • Relation to other Knowledge Representation often misunderstood • Need KR systems supporting defaults and exceptions, probability, “same-kind--as”, higher order reasoning, both closed and open world reasoning, calculations, … … … • Knowledge is more than definitions!

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