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1. This is a template to create an Instructional Design Document of the concept you have selected for creating animation. This will take you through a 5 section process to provide the necessary details to the animator before starting the animation. The legend on the left will indicate the current status of the document. The Black coloured number will denote the current section, the Turquoise color would denote the completed sections, and the Sky bluecolor would denote the remaining sections. The slides having 'Instructions' would have a Yellow box, as shown on the top of this slide. Welcome 1 2 3 4 5

2. L. Braile, Purdue Universitybraile@purdue.edu,www.eas.purdue.edu/~braile 3D Animation Seismic Wave Demonstrations and Animations

3. Overview of Seismic Waves 1 • Seismic Waves 2 Body Waves Surface Waves 3 R Waves L Waves P Waves S Waves 4 5

4. Definitions and Keywords 1 • Seismic Waves- These are energy waves caused by an impulse such as sudden breaking of rocks within the Earth or an explosion. Seismic waves are of two types: Seismic Body Waves & Seismic Surface Waves • Seismic Body Waves- These are elastic waves that propagate through the Earth's interior. In reflection and refraction prospecting, body waves are the source of information used to image the Earth's interior. Like the ripples on the surface of the pond example described previously, body waves propagate away from the source in all directions. If the speed at which body waves propagate through the Earth's interior is constant, then at any time, these waves form a sphere around the source whose radius is dependent on the time elapsed since the source generated the waves. There are two types of body waves: Compressional (P) & hear (S) 2 3 4 5

5. Definitions and Keywords 1 • Seismic Surface Waves- Travels through just under the Earth's surface slowly, as compared to body waves. They are low in frequency, long in duaration & large in amplitude. There are two types of surface waves: Love ave & Rayleigh Wave 2 3 4 5

6. Definitions and Keywords 1 • P, Compressional, Primary, Longitudinal- P waves are also called primary waves, because they propagate through the medium faster than the other wave types. In P waves, particles constituting the medium are displaced in the same direction that the wave propagates, in this case, the radial direction. Thus, material is being extended and compressed as P waves propagate through the medium. P waves are analogous to sound waves propagating through the air. • S,  Shear, Secondary, Transverse- S waves are sometimes called secondary waves, because they propagate through the medium slower than P waves. In S waves, particles constituting the medium are displaced in a direction that is perpendicular to the direction that the wave is propagating. 2 3 4 5

7. Definitions and Keywords 1 • L, Love, Surface waves, Long waves- These waves occur when the shear-body-wave velocity in the surface medium is lower than that in the underlying strata. Love waves are characterized by horizontal motion normal to the direction of travel, with no vertical motion.These waves, which in contrast to P- and S-Waves do not travel through the interior of the Earth, they race along its surface instead. They also come in two varieties which differ in at least two aspects: the particle motion they generate and the speed with which they circle the globe. • R, Rayleigh, Surface waves, Long waves, Ground roll-These waves are a type of surface acoustic wave that travels on solids. They are produced on the Earth by earthquakes, in which case they are also known as "ground roll", or by other sources of seismic energy such as an explosion or even a sledgehammer impact 2 3 4 5

8. INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE Concept details: 1 2 • In this section, provide the stepwise detailed explanation of the concept. • Please fill in the steps of the explanation of the concepts in the table format available in the slides to follow (see the sample below). • Resize the table dimensions as per your requirements. 3 4 5

9. Concept details 1 The keywords & arrows would appear one after the other. The flow-chart from Slide 3 will be shown No image will be displayed at this step After the flo- -chart is shown the definition of the keywords will be shown 2 1 3 4 5

10. Concept details 1 Deformation propagates. Particle motion consists of alternating compression and dilation. Particle motion is parallel to the direction of propagation (longitudinal). Material returns to its original shape after wave passes. Caption for Fig 2 Show a band (as shown with magenta colour in the figure), starting from the left of the figure, which will move through the grids to the right. When it reaches the black block it'll move it in such a way that 1st it goes ahead a liitle & then moves back a little & at last settles down at its original location. Refer the 1st link given in slide no. 25 P, Compressional, Primary, Longitudinal 2 2 Refer Fig. 1 from slide No. 11 TEXT Particle Motion Alternating compressions (“pushes”) and dilations (“pulls”) which are directed in the same direction as the wave is propagating (along the raypath); and therefore, perpendicular to the wavefront. Contd in slide12 3 4 5

11. Fig. 1

12. Concept details 1 Other Characteristics 2 Contd. 2 P motion travels fastest in materials, so the P-wave is the first-arriving energy on a seismogram.  Generally smaller and higher frequency than the S and Surface-waves.  P waves in a liquid or gas are pressure waves, including sound waves. 3 4 5

13. Concept details 1 Caption for Fig. 3 A wave will be shown starting from the left wall of the fig to the right resembling the arrows directing the wave motion.When the wave reaches the black block it'll be moved in such a way that at 1st it'll move up & then down and will rest in its original position. Refer to the 2nd link in slide no. 25. to get a clear idea. Deformation propagates. Particle motion consists of alternating transverse motion. Particle motion is perpendicular to the direction of propagation (transverse). Transverse particle motion shown here is vertical but can be in any direction. However, Earth’s layers tend to cause mostly vertical (SV; in the vertical plane) or horizontal (SH) shear motions. Material returns to its original shape after wave passes Refer Fig. 2 from slide No. 14 2 3 S, Shear, Secondary, Transverse TEXT Particle Motion Alternating transverse motions (perpendicular to the direction of propagation and the raypath); commonly approximately polarized such that particle motion is in vertical or horizontal planes. Contd. In Slide 15 3 4 5

14. Fig. 2

15. Concept details 1 Other Characteristics 2 2 Contd. S-waves do not travel through fluids, so do not exist in Earth’s outer core (inferred to be primarily liquid iron) or in air or water or molten rock (magma).  S waves travel slower than P waves in a solid and, therefore, arrive after the P wave. 3 4 5

16. Concept details 1 Wave will move from left to right.When the wave reaches the black & red blocks they'll move up & down but will move along with the wave from left to right. The wave will move in such a way that movement will be maximum near the surface & the motion will decrease slowly as it goes down the grid. This means the middle layers of the grid will have lesser move -ment than the upper ones & bottom grids will have minimum movement. The black block will have max movement and red one will have min movement Deformation propagates. Particle motion consists of alternating transverse motions. Particle motion is horizontal and perpendicular to the direction of propagation (transverse). To aid in seeing that the particle motion is purely horizontal, focus on the Y axis (red line) as the wave propagates through it. Amplitude decreases with depth. Material returns to its original shape after wave passes. 2 Refer to Fig. 3 from Slide No. 17 Caption for Fig. 3 Love Wave Text Particle Motion Transverse horizontal motion, perpendicular to the direction of propagation and generally parallel to the Earth’s surface. Contd. 4 3 4 5

17. Fig. 3

18. Concept details 1 Other Characteristics 2 4 Contd. Love waves exist because of the Earth’s surface. They are largest at the surface and decrease in amplitude with depth. Love waves are dispersive, that is, the wave velocity is dependent on frequency, generally with low frequencies propagating at higher velocity. Depth of penetration of theLove waves is also dependent on frequency, with lower frequencies penetrating to greater depth. 3 4 5

19. Concept details 1 Wave will flow from left to right.The black block & turquoise block moves together in an elliptical path, making an anti-clockwise rotation from right to left. The ellipse made bythe black' black lock will be bigger in size than that of the turquoise block. The movement of waves wil lreduce with depth of the rided bar. This means, he grids nearer to the urface at the top will ove more than those at the bottom. Visit the link below to get a clear idea: http://paws.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/waves/wavemotion.html 2 Refer to Fig.4 from Slide No. 20 Deformation propagates.Particle motion consists of elliptical motions (generally retrograde elliptical)in the vertical plane and parallel to the direction of propagation. Amplitude decreases with depth. Material returns to its original shape after wave passes. Caption for Fig. 4 Rayleigh Wave Text Particle Motion Motion is both in the direction of propagation and perpendicular (in a vertical plane) and  “phased” so that the motion is generally elliptical – either prograde or retrograde. 5 3 4 5

20. Fig. 4

21. Concept details 1 Other Characteristics 5 Contd. 2 Rayleigh waves are also dispersive and the amplitudes generally decrease with depth in the Earth. Appearance and particle motion are similar to water waves. Depth of penetration of the Rayleigh waves is also dependent on frequency, with lower frequencies penetrating to greater depth. Generally, Rayleigh waves travel slightly slower than Love waves. 3 4 5

22. INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE Questionnaire to test the user 1 • A small, (5 questions) questionnaire can be created in the next slide, to test the user's comprehension. • This can be an objective type questionnaire. • It can also be an exercise, based on the concept taught in this animation. 2 3 4 5

23. Questionnaire 1 1. What are the fundamental differences between the P- and the S-waves? 2. Mention the vibration direction with respect to the travel direction of the P-wave 3. Mention the vibration direction with respect to the travel direction of the S-wave 4. Which one out of the P- and the S-wave cannot travel in liquid media and why? 5. What are the impacts of P- and S-waves in an earthquake? 2 3 4 5

24. INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE Links for further reading 1 2 3 4 5

25. Links for further reading 1 2 • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1002/es1002page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization • http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/edumod/slinky/slinky4.htm • Earthquakes and other movements: John Milne 3 4 5

26. Thank you