H E A T

1. H E A T Transfer of energy from one object to another due to a difference in temperature

2. States of Matter - Solid • Particles close together • Vibrate in a fixed position • Rigid • Definite shape • Least energy

3. States of Matter - Liquid • Particles move freely • Takes shape of container • Viscosity – the stronger the attraction between particles, the more slowly it flows • Definite volume • Can spread out on its own

4. States of Matter - Gas • No definite shape or volume • Expands to fill container • Can spread out on its own • Greatest energy

5. States of Matter

6. Kinetic Theory of Matter All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles

7. Kinetic Theory of Matter Particles are always in motion. The higher the temperature, the faster the particles move.

8. Kinetic Theory of Matter At the same temperature, heavier particles move slower than lighter particles

9. GAS condense vaporize LIQUID solidify melt SOLID Phase Change

10. Fahrenheit oF = 9oC + 32 Celsius oC = 5(oF – 32) Kelvin K = oC + 273 5 9 Temperature Measure of average kinetic energy of all particles in an object

11. Temperature

12. Methods of Energy Transfer Conduction – objects must be in direct contact

13. Methods of Energy Transfer Convection – results from the movement of warm fluids

14. Methods of Energy Transfer • Radiation – transfer by EM (electromagnetic) waves a (infrared, visible light, ultraviolet light) • can occur in a vacuum

15. Energy Transfer Conductors – material through which energy is easily transferred (metals are best) Insulators – slows the transfer of energy (plastic, rubber, wood, foam, gases)

16. Specific Heat Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance 1 K or 1 gram of a substance 1 oC

17. Specific Heat Q = heat energy c = specific heat m = mass r T = change in temperature Q = c m r T

18. Heat Energy Measure in joules or calories 1 calorie = 4.184 joules 1 Calorie = 1000 calories