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The Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution. World History / Honors Libertyville High School. Problems facing Czarist Russia. Industrialization brought problems Working conditions Low wages Czar outlawed unions When workers went on strike, police arrested them! Marxist parties emerged.

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The Russian Revolution

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  1. The Russian Revolution World History / Honors Libertyville High School

  2. Problems facing Czarist Russia • Industrialization brought problems • Working conditions • Low wages • Czar outlawed unions • When workers went on strike, police arrested them! • Marxist parties emerged Russian workers in a factory, c. 1890

  3. Problems facing Czarist Russia • - Bolsheviks (“majority”) • The minority of Russian Marxists • Believed in immediate change to • Russian gov’t, led by professional • revolutionaries • Russian Marxists split • Mensheviks (“minority”) • the majority of Russian Marxists • Believed in gradual change, broad base of popular support

  4. Problems: Radicalism • Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin • Ruthless, brilliant speaker and organizer • Fled Russia to avoid imprisonment in early 1900s, to West Europe (Switzerland)

  5. Problems Russo-Japanese War • - Caused unrest, revolt throughout Russia • Russo-Japanese War, 1904-05 • Russia, Japan competitors for colonies in Asia • Russia LOST!!

  6. Problems: Internal Dissent • “Bloody Sunday”: 1/22/05 • 200k workers & their families bring petition to Czar in St. Petersburg, asking for better work conditions • Troops fire on crowd, killing several hundred • Strikes, violence throughout nation • Reform: Creation of Duma (Parliament), but Czar dissolved it after 10 weeks

  7. Problems: WW 1 • World War I • Czar Nicholas decided to attack Austro-Hungary to protect Serbia • Russia incapable of fighting long war • By mid 1915, over 4 million Russian soldiers dead / wounded Russians surrender at Tanenberg, 1914

  8. Problems: WW 1 • 1915 – Czar took personal control over military to increase morale • army continued to lose, die, etc • Blame fell on Czar, not his generals Czar Nicholas II in Marshal uniform

  9. March (Not Feb!) 1917 Revolution • March 1917 Revolution • Strikes broke out – soldiers joined the strikers • Czar forced to abdicate (give up) throne • Government established by Duma – “Provisional government” • Led by Alexander Kerensky, a Menshevik appointed war minister • Kerensky decided to stay in WWI – cost him support of soldiers, civilians

  10. 1917 Russia, Post March Revolution • War continued to go badly for Russia • Peasants demanded land • Workers struck • Soldiers mutinied • Soviets formed – committees of peasants, workers, soldiers

  11. The October Revolution (Bolsheviks) • April, 1917 – Lenin returned to Russia by GERMANS • Transported across Germany in a sealed boxcar (don’t infect us!)

  12. October Revolution • Lenin rallied Bolsheviks • Motto – “Peace, Land & Bread” • Other important Bolsheviks • Leon Trotsky • Josef Stalin

  13. Bolshevik Revolution • Bolshevik Revolution, October 1917 (November in book – using Western Calendar) • Armed soviets attack Provisional Government forces across Russia • Arrest leaders of Prov. Gov’t, including Kerensky Storming of the Winter Palace

  14. October Revolution • Lenin assumed power • Ordered all land given to peasants • Ordered all factories given to workers • Signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germans and pulled out of WW I • Gave away Finland, large areas of Poland, Estonia, Latvia to Germany • Russians angered by this • Ordered death of Royal family (L-R: Olga, Marie, Tsar Nicholas II, Alexandra, Anastasia, Alexei, Tatiana)

  15. Russian Civil War, 1919-1921 • Communists (“Red Army”) versus everyone opposed to their rule (“White Army”) • Who were the White Army? • Royalists (supporters of czar) • Communists opposed to Lenin’s leadership • Supporters of democratic form of government • Nationalists of Ukraine, other areas of Russia seeking independence

  16. Russian Civil War, 1919-1922 • - USA sent troops, weapons to East of Russia, seized major port Vladivostok • - British, French troops fought against Bolsheviks in South of Russia • Foreign involvement • After WWI ended, allies sent troops, supplies to Whites to try to overthrow Russian Bolshevik government US troops in Vladivostok

  17. Russian Civil War, 1919-1922 Canadians in Siberia, 1919 Sites of foreign involvement in Russia, 1919

  18. Russian Civil War, 1919-1922 • Reds crushed White Army factions; foreigners retreated • 14 million Russians died in Civil War • BUT Bolsheviks showed they could hold onto power

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