3D –graphics and animation

1. 3D –graphics and animation About modeling… Harri Airaksinen;

2. Modeling; coordination • Axels (right-handed coordination system) – fingers direction • Rectangular coordinate system or Cartesian coordination versa spherical or azimuthal coordinate system • Origon • Direction of positive axels • Global- and local coordination's. Where do you need local coordinate system?

3. Modeling; basic primitives • Different 3D systems has their own set of basic primitives and their parameters (value, can be integer or some other data), example: Cube: • Height, width, length, color, surface material, reflection, transparency – can you say any more? • How to transfer 3D models between different systems? It’s a hard business – there are standards, de-facto DXF

4. 3D Studio Max - DXF 0 SECTION 2 HEADER 9 $ACADVER 1 AC1021 9 $ACADMAINTVER 70 1 9 $DWGCODEPAGE 3 ANSI_1252 9 $INSBASE 10 0.0 20 … and so on

5. Modeling; mathematics • Math is behind everything …. specially in 3D • Matrix- and array calculation (corner points and surfaces between them) • Spatial integrals • Lightning models and algorithms • Reflection and collision algorithms • “Everything is already invented? “

6. Modeling; surfaces • “There is no circle – only number of polygons” • The quality of display depends how you have set it up – more polygons = heavier model  must optimize the models • Famous Utah teapot

7. Modeling; polygons

8. Modeling; editing • Editing means changing spatial matrix values • Scaling (Uniform Scale/Non Uniform Scale) – relative scaling or scaling via axel direction • Moving (value can be given as absolute from global coordinates or local movement from current location) • Rotating, remember right-handed coordinate system – take axel on your hand, finger will tell the positive rotation direction • Tools for editing (based on 3D system) – using mouse, keyboard, object lists…

9. Perspective • Projection plane • Parallel projection – perspective angle • Perspective can be controlled via camera lenses

10. One more thing about scene • You can fix your user 3D modeling user interface – don’t do before you know what you do!

11. 3D camera movement directions; terms • Names are coming from movie industry (think that camera is picturing you) • Dolly, a translation of the camera along its X (side direction) • Tilt, a rotation of the camera around its X axis. May called  also a pitch (as in airplanes pitching) • Boom, a translation along its Y axis (up - down) • Pan (yaw), a rotation around its Y axis • Truck, a translation along its Z axis (toward – away) • Roll, a rotation around its Z axis • Zoom, a special type of camera move where only the camera's simulated focal length is modified but its position and orientation remain untouched (same effect as truck)

12. Anything else to remember? • Save different versions of your 3D models • Remember backups  Max’s autobackup/default 5 min. • Customize  Preference settings • File  Set Project folder • File  Summary info

13. Sketches - drafts • Modeling starts with drawing sketches • Pen and paper is still very good tools for sketching  • Do you know how to draw, everybody can make sketches • Using 2D painting/drawing tools – use of scanning • Modeling dimensions – model allways using real dimensions – what about if the model is kilometers wide?  submodels

14. Sketches - drafts • Final Year project; Panu Aatrokoski - Seikkailupeli Odot Tamat On (2007) Pen sketches and the final model

15. The use of a line • Important basic primitive when you define 3D object shapes and other characteristics • Easy to create using today’s modeling tools • Straight lines (polygonal lines)  used to create polygons and polygon meshes

16. Controlling lines

17. Controlling lines – 3D Studio Max Modifier – and mouse right button Circle -> Modifier -> house right button -> convert to editable…

18. Modeling – input devices • Command nputs: • Mouse -- 3D mouse --- & key board, still • Digit tables (sketching and 2D – also 3D, if modeling application supports)

19. Short movies - Pixar • http://www.pixar.com/shorts/ • http://profile.imeem.com/j6a57z/video/vBvL51C-/pixar_the_birds/

20. Surfaces and primitives • Surface Basic primitives • Editing basic primitives • Free form modeling

21. Using 2D shapes to build 3D objects • Extrusion or sweeping) – 3D Studio Max, Lofting • Line = path • Circle = out lines of the • surface • Select path  • Compound Object  • Get Shape = Circle • Editing: • Modifier  Deformation •  example. scale

22. Using 2D shapes to build 3D objects • Lathe • Edge line • Modifier  Modifier List •  Lathe • Editing: • Modifier  example. Axis

23. Other methods to create surfaces • Editing basic primitives – editable meshes • Mathematical models (Starr, random, fractal) • Terrain Compound Object (3D Studio Max)

24. Object parameters • Select object, mouse right, object parameter

25. Handling objects • Locking – Freezing • Hiding • Copy or Instance or Reference object • Mirror • 3D -text

26. Volume models • 3D Studio Max makes surface models only • There are 3D applications, which can do volumetric modeling = cube is “solid” – closed, solid material. If you cut solid object, the cutting edges can be seen correctly