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Jeffrey Lew, Dulcy Abraham, Reini Wirahadikusumah, Javier Irizarry, Carlos Arboleda PURDUE UNIVERSITY CIB W099 Confere

Excavation and Trenching Safety: Existing Standards and Challenges. Jeffrey Lew, Dulcy Abraham, Reini Wirahadikusumah, Javier Irizarry, Carlos Arboleda PURDUE UNIVERSITY CIB W099 Conference University of Hong Kong May 8, 2002. The Need.

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Jeffrey Lew, Dulcy Abraham, Reini Wirahadikusumah, Javier Irizarry, Carlos Arboleda PURDUE UNIVERSITY CIB W099 Confere

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  1. Excavation and Trenching Safety: Existing Standards and Challenges Jeffrey Lew, Dulcy Abraham, Reini Wirahadikusumah, Javier Irizarry, Carlos Arboleda PURDUE UNIVERSITY CIB W099 Conference University of Hong Kong May 8, 2002

  2. The Need • 100 fatalities per year in trenching and excavation accidents (Hinze and Bren 1996) • Most deaths in trenches are from cave-ins

  3. The Need (cont.) • Mail survey conducted by Equipment World (1998): • 41% of all respondents said they experienced a trench collapse on one of their jobs • Of these, 76.5 % said that the trench collapse was due to unstable soil, 29.4% human error, 11.8% insufficient shoring/shielding

  4. Role of the competent person • Thorough knowledge of excavation safety standards including soil classification. • Capable of identifying existing and predictable and hazards and unsafe conditions. • Knowledgeable in the proper use of protective systems and trench safety equipment. • Designated to have the authority to stop work when unsafe conditions exist.

  5. Unsafe trenching operations Loose rock/soil !!! Protection in excavations ?? Means of egress ??

  6. Unsafe trenching operations Existing Utilities Job site analysis Loose rock/soil Existing Utilities Water

  7. Causes of trench-related fatalities (NIOSH 1985-2000)

  8. Occupational fatalities caused by excavation or trenching (U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics) 1 : Except buildings 2 : Except Highways 3: Not classified

  9. Analysis of data from NIOSH Occurrence of accidents – by month (1985-2000)

  10. Analysis of data from NIOSH Occurrence of accidents – by age of workers (1985-2000)

  11. Occurrence of accidents by SIC code SIC Standard Industrial Classification 1623 : Heavy construction-(Water, sewer, pipeline, communications and power) 1794 : Excavation work 1611 : Highway and street construction 4911 : Electric services 4923 : Natural gas transmission and distribution Others : Others categories with 1 case NA : Not Available

  12. Most frequently cited trenching related standards (1997-2001)

  13. Most frequently cited excavation violations (1997-2001)

  14. Occurrence of accidents – based on time of day NIOSH (1985-2000) Data Available: 30 out of 52

  15. Occurrence of accidents – based on occupation NIOSH (1985-2000) Occupation

  16. OSHA recommendations – based on accident reports

  17. 50 Accidents 1996-1997 • Month of Event: Oct. 15%, Apr 12% • Outcome: 65% fatal, only 35% non-fatal • Classification: 40% water, sewer, pipeline workers or SIC Code 1623. • Union status: 98 % non-union

  18. 50 Accidents 1996-1997 • Trench Characteristics: Depth 0-20 feet 37% 0-5 feet 89% less than 15 feet

  19. Conclusions • Lack of competent person • Lack of training

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